The use of alternative fuels to displace coal reduces reliance on fossil fuels, reduces emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other pollutants, and contributes to long-term cost savings for cement plants. Further, due to their high burning temperatures, cement kilns are well-suited for accepting and efficiently utilizing a wide range of wastes that can present a disposal challenge. This report begins with an overview of the types of alternative fuels used in cement kilns, focusing on energy and environmental considerations. The types of fuels covered are agricultural biomass, non-agricultural biomass, chemical and hazardous waste, petroleum-based fuels, and miscellaneous alternative.
