The semichemical process SAICA (Lora & Escudero 2000) and chemi- mechanical Bivis process (Westenbroek & van Roekel 1996, Roberts 2000, Westenbroek 2004) have also been used for mill-scale non-wood pulp production. The chemical consumption of these processes is lower than in chemical processes, nevertheless the spent liquor must be incinerated or treated biologically. Some mills in China have used the neutral sulphite semichemical (NSSC) process (Nassar 2004, Savcor Indufor 2006, Pöyry 2006) for containerboard production. Environmental issues are a problem with this process as well. .
