Elements of ubiquitous learning Ubiquitous learning refers to a context-aware learning environment that learners engage in with a mobile device and the Internet (Chang, Sheu & Chan, 2003; Li, Zheng, Ogata & Yano, 2005; Tan, Liu & Chang, 2007). Chang (2003) mentioned three main fundamental elements for ubiquitous learning, including (a) a mobile device, such as a PDA (personal digital assistant), web pad or tablet PC, which is small, light, portable and customised with a wireless facility; (b) communication facility, such.
