Functions are "the central objects of investigation" in most fields of modern mathematics. There are many ways to describe or represent a function. Some functions may be defined by a formula or algorithm that tells how to compute the output for a given input. Others are given by a picture, called the graph of the function. | Chapter 3 - Functions Outline Introduction Program Components in C++ Math Library Functions Functions Function Definitions Function Prototypes Header Files Random Number Generation Example: A Game of Chance and Introducing enum Storage Classes Scope Rules Recursion Example Using Recursion: The Fibonacci Series Recursion vs. Iteration Functions with Empty Parameter Lists Chapter 3 - Functions Outline Inline Functions References and Reference Parameters Default Arguments Unary Scope Resolution Operator Function Overloading Function Templates Introduction Divide and conquer Construct a program from smaller pieces or components Each piece more manageable than the original program Program Components in C++ Modules: functions and classes Programs use new and “prepackaged” modules New: programmer-defined functions, classes Prepackaged: from the standard library Functions . | Chapter 3 - Functions Outline Introduction Program Components in C++ Math Library Functions Functions Function Definitions Function Prototypes Header Files Random Number Generation Example: A Game of Chance and Introducing enum Storage Classes Scope Rules Recursion Example Using Recursion: The Fibonacci Series Recursion vs. Iteration Functions with Empty Parameter Lists Chapter 3 - Functions Outline Inline Functions References and Reference Parameters Default Arguments Unary Scope Resolution Operator Function Overloading Function Templates Introduction Divide and conquer Construct a program from smaller pieces or components Each piece more manageable than the original program Program Components in C++ Modules: functions and classes Programs use new and “prepackaged” modules New: programmer-defined functions, classes Prepackaged: from the standard library Functions invoked by function call Function name and information (arguments) it needs Function definitions Only written once Hidden from other functions Program Components in C++ Boss to worker analogy A boss (the calling function or caller) asks a worker (the called function) to perform a task and return (., report back) the results when the task is done. Math Library Functions Perform common mathematical calculations Include the header file Functions called by writing functionName (argument); or functionName(argument1, argument2, ); Example cout Math Library Functions Function arguments can be Constants sqrt( 4 ); Variables sqrt( x ); Expressions sqrt( sqrt( x ) ) ; sqrt( 3 - 6x ); Functions Functions Modularize a program Software reusability Call function multiple times Local variables Known only in the function in which
