The purpose of a control system is to produce a desired output. This output is usually specified by the command input, and is often a function of time. For simple applications in well-structured situations, sequencing devices like timers can be used as the control system. | CHAPTER 28_ BASIC CONTROL SYSTEMS DESIGN William J. Palm III Mechanical Engineering Department University of Rhode Island Kingston Rhode Island INTRODUCTION 868 The Ziegler-Nichols Rules 891 CONTROL SYSTEM Nonlinearities and STRUCTURE 869 Controller Performance 892 A Standard Diagram 870 Reset Windup 893 Transfer Functions 870 System-Type Number and COMPENSATION AND Error Coefficients 871 ALTERNATIVE CONTROL STRUCTURES 893 TRANSDUCERS AND ERROR Series Compensation 893 DETECTORS 872 Feedback Displacement and Velocity Compensation Transducers 872 and Cascade Control 893 Temperature Transducers 874 Feedforward Flow Transducers 874 Compensation 894 Error Detectors 874 State-Variable Feedback 895 Dynamic Response of Pseudoderivative Sensors 875 Feedback 896 ACTUATORS 875 GRAPHICAL DESIGN Electromechanical METHODS 896 Actuators 875 The Nyquist Stability Hydraulic Actuators 876 Theorem 896 Pneumatic Actuators 878 Systems with Dead-Time Elements 898 CONTROL LAWS 880 Open-Loop Design for Proportional Control 881 PID Control 898 Integral Control 883 Design with the Root Proportional-Plus-Integral Control 884 Locus 899 Derivative Control 884 PRINCIPLES OF DIGITAL PID Control 885 CONTROL 901 Digital Controller CONTROLLER HARDWARE 886 Structure 902 Feedback Compensation Digital Forms of PID and Controller Design 886 Control 902 Electronic Controllers 886 Pneumatic Controllers 887 UNIQUELY DIGITAL Hydraulic Controllers 887 ALGORITHMS 903 Digital Feedforward FURTHER CRITERIA FOR Compensation 904 GAIN SELECTION 887 Control Design in the Performance Indices 889 z-Plane 904 Optimal Control Methods 891 Direct Design of Digital Algorithms .
