Conprehensive Understanding of PM | A GUIDE TO THE PROJECT MANAGEMENT BODY OF KNOWLEDGE PMI Standards Committee William R. Duncan, Director of Standards Project Management Institute Four Campus Boulevard Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A guide to the project management body of knowledge. p. cm. “1996 ed.”—Pref. “This . supersedes PMI’s Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) document that was published in 1987”—Pref. Includes index. ISBN: 1-880410-12-5 (pbk. : alk. paper) ISBN: 1-880410-13-3 (hdbk) 1. Industrial project management. I. Project Management Institute. II. Project management body of knowledge (PMBOK) 1996 ’04—dc20 95-39934 CIP PMI Publishing Division welcomes corrections and comments on its documents. In addition to comments directed to PMI about the substance of A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge, please feel free to send comments on typographical, formatting, or other errors. Simply make a copy of the relevant page of the PMBOK Guide, mark the error, and send it to: PMI Publishing Division, Forty Colonial Square, Sylva, North Carolina 28779 USA, phone: 828/586-3715, fax: 828/586-4020, e-mail: pmihq@. Copyright ©1996 by the Project Management Institute. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, manual, photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without prior written permission of the publisher. Send permission request to Permissions, PMI Publishing Division, Forty Colonial Square, Sylva, North Carolina 28779 USA. “PMI” is a federally registered trade and service mark; “PMP” and the PMP logo are federally registered certification marks; and the PMI logo, “PMBOK” and “Building professionalism in project management.” are trademarks of Project Management Institute. Printed and bound by Automated Graphic Systems, White Plains, Maryland, USA. PMI publications are available at special .