The temperature seldom falls below zero in March, even in the mountain. The president wasn’t ware of what was happening at any time. Customers’ money can’t be refunded under any circumstances. Visitors aren’t allowed to feed the animals on any account. I began to see the results of my work only after a year. | INVERSION GRAMMAR COURSE - 1 WEEK 11-12 INVERSION “Inversion means PUTTING the VERB BEFORE the SUBJECT. This happens in questions, and in a number of other cases.” I. Normal Inversion: 1. Questions: - What is your name? Cf. V S (Inverted order) - My name is John. S V (Normal order) I. NORMAL INVERSION 2. Structures with “neither”, “so” - “I don’t like him.” “Neither do I.” V S - “I am tired.” “So do I.” V S 3. Structures with “there”, “here” - Look, there goes the bus. Now we’ll have to walk. V S (Inverted order) Cf. - Look, there it goes. S V (Normal order) I. NORMAL INVERSION 3. Structures with “there”, “here” - Hey, here comes the bus. Hurry up. V S (Inversion) Note: - Vs expresses Continuous Meaning - S = N/NP V-S Cf. S = Pron. S-V II. INVERSION FOR EMPHASIS 1. An auxiliary verb comes before the subject I have never seen you before. Never before have I seen you. V-S (Inversion) * Adverbs/ Adverb phrases (with restrictive/ negative sense) – Initial Hardly ever . | INVERSION GRAMMAR COURSE - 1 WEEK 11-12 INVERSION “Inversion means PUTTING the VERB BEFORE the SUBJECT. This happens in questions, and in a number of other cases.” I. Normal Inversion: 1. Questions: - What is your name? Cf. V S (Inverted order) - My name is John. S V (Normal order) I. NORMAL INVERSION 2. Structures with “neither”, “so” - “I don’t like him.” “Neither do I.” V S - “I am tired.” “So do I.” V S 3. Structures with “there”, “here” - Look, there goes the bus. Now we’ll have to walk. V S (Inverted order) Cf. - Look, there it goes. S V (Normal order) I. NORMAL INVERSION 3. Structures with “there”, “here” - Hey, here comes the bus. Hurry up. V S (Inversion) Note: - Vs expresses Continuous Meaning - S = N/NP V-S Cf. S = Pron. S-V II. INVERSION FOR EMPHASIS 1. An auxiliary verb comes before the subject I have never seen you before. Never before have I seen you. V-S (Inversion) * Adverbs/ Adverb phrases (with restrictive/ negative sense) – Initial Hardly ever never (before) not till/ not until seldom Rarely on no account only by only in this way only then/when scarcely ever nowhere at no time under no circumstances - No sooner + had done - than + did - Hardly + had done - when + did - Scarcely + had done - when + did II. INVERSION FOR EMPHASIS 2. The whole verb comes before the subject The plane flew round and round. Round and round flew the plane. V-S (Inversion) * Verbs of motion or position: come, go, fall, stand, lie, sit, fly, hang, die, live, be born . II. INVERSION FOR EMPHASIS 2. The whole verb comes before the subject a) Adverbs – initial: down, from, in, on, over, out of, round, up, . (III. 13) b) Long adverbials – initial (III. 11-12) On the large and long reading table in the middle of the room are many kinds of newspapers and magazines. V - S II. INVERSION FOR EMPHASIS 2. The whole verb comes before the subject c) So (that + a clause) - Initial (III. 7-8) Such (that + a clause) So violent was the gale that all
