The scanning format of a video signal is a major determinant of general picture quality. Specifically, it determines such aspects as stationary and dynamic resolution, motion portrayal, aliasing, scanning structure visibility, and flicker. Various formats have been designed and standardized to strike a particular balance between quality, cost, transmission capacity, and compatibility with other standards. | de Haan G. Video Scanning Format Conversion and Motion Estimation Digital Signal Processing Handbook Ed. Vijay K. Madisetti and Douglas B. Williams Boca Raton CRC Press LLC 1999 1999 by CRC Press LLC 54 Video Scanning Format Conversion and Motion Estimation Gerard de Haan Philips Research Laboratories Introduction Conversion vs. Standardization Problems with Linear Sampling Rate Conversion Applied to Video Signals Temporal Interpolation Vertical Interpolation and Interlaced Scanning Alternatives for Sampling Rate Conversion Theory Simple Algorithms Advanced Algorithms Motion Estimation Pel-Recursive Estimators Block-Matching Algorithm Search Strategies Motion Estimation and Scanning Format Conversion Hierarchical Motion Estimation Recursive Search BlockMatching References Introduction The scanning format of a video signal is a major determinant of general picture quality. Specifically it determines such aspects as stationary and dynamic resolution motion portrayal aliasing scanning structure visibility and flicker. Various formats have been designed and standardized to strike a particular balance between quality cost transmission capacity and compatibility with other standards. The field of video scanning format conversion is concerned with the translation of video signals from one format into another. It consists of two basic parts temporal interpolation and spatial interpolation. A particular case is de-interlacing which poses an inseparable spatio-temporal interpolation problem. Vertical and temporal interpolation cause practical and fundamental difficulties in achieving high-quality scanning format conversion. This is because the conditions of the sampling theorem are generally not met in video signals. If they were satisfied standard conversions of arbitrary accuracy would be possible using suitable linear filters. The earlier conversion methods neglected the fundamental problems and consequently negatively influenced the .
