Chapter 22 "Metabolic Pathways for Carbohydrates" Metabolism and Cell Structure, ATP and Energy, Digestion of Carbohydrates, Glycolysis Oxidation of Glucose, Utilization of Glucose | Chapter 22 Metabolic Pathways for Carbohydrates Metabolism and Cell Structure ATP and Energy Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings Metabolism involves Catabolic reactions that break down large, complex molecules to provide energy and smaller molecules. Anabolic reactions that use ATP energy to build larger molecules. Metabolism Stages of Metabolism Catabolic reactions are organized as Stage 1: Digestion and hydrolysis break down large molecules to smaller ones that enter the bloodstream. Stage 2: Degradation breaks down molecules to two- and three-carbon compounds. Stage 3: Oxidation of small molecules in the citric acid cycle and electron transport provide ATP energy. Catabolic reactions: Stage 1: Digestion and hydrolysis break down large molecules to smaller ones that enter the bloodstream. Stage 2: Degradation Further breaking and some oxidation of molecules to 2 & 3-carbon compounds. Stage 3: Oxidation of | Chapter 22 Metabolic Pathways for Carbohydrates Metabolism and Cell Structure ATP and Energy Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings Metabolism involves Catabolic reactions that break down large, complex molecules to provide energy and smaller molecules. Anabolic reactions that use ATP energy to build larger molecules. Metabolism Stages of Metabolism Catabolic reactions are organized as Stage 1: Digestion and hydrolysis break down large molecules to smaller ones that enter the bloodstream. Stage 2: Degradation breaks down molecules to two- and three-carbon compounds. Stage 3: Oxidation of small molecules in the citric acid cycle and electron transport provide ATP energy. Catabolic reactions: Stage 1: Digestion and hydrolysis break down large molecules to smaller ones that enter the bloodstream. Stage 2: Degradation Further breaking and some oxidation of molecules to 2 & 3-carbon compounds. Stage 3: Oxidation of small molecules to CO2 & H2O in the citric acid cycle and electron transport provides energy for ATP synthesis. Stages of Metabolism Cell Structure Metabolic reactions occur in specific sites within cells. Cell Components and Function ATP and Energy Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Is the energy form stored in cells. Is obtained from the oxidation of food. Consists of adenine (nitrogen base), a ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups. Requires (31 kJ) per mole to convert ADP + Pi to ATP. ATP and Energy Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings Hydrolysis of ATP The hydrolysis of ATP to ADP releases kcal (31 kJ/mole). ATP ADP + Pi + kcal (31 kJ/mole) The hydrolysis of ADP to AMP releases kcal (31 kJ/mole). ADP AMP + Pi + kcal (31 kJ/mole) Hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and ADP to AMP Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings ATP and Muscle Contraction .
