Kiến trúc máy tính là thiết kế khái niệm và cấu trúc hoạt động căn bản của một hệ thống máy tính. Để tìm hiểu sâu hơn về vấn đề này mời các bạn tham khảo "Bài giảng Computer Architecture: Lec 1 - Introduction". | EECS 252 Graduate Computer Architecture Lec 1 - Introduction John Kubiatowicz Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California, Berkeley CS252 S05 5/14/2020 5:29:24 AM CS252-S07, Lecture 01 What is “Computer Architecture”? Applications Instruction Set Architecture Compiler Operating System Firmware Coordination of many levels of abstraction Under a rapidly changing set of forces Design, Measurement, and Evaluation I/O system Instr. Set Proc. Digital Design Circuit Design Datapath & Control Layout & fab Semiconductor Materials Die photo App photo CS252 S05 5/14/2020 5:29:24 AM CS252-S07, Lecture 01 Technology constantly on the move! All major manufacturers have announced and/or are shipping multi-core processor chips Intel talking about 80 cores in not-to-distance future 3-dimensional chip technology Sandwiches of silicon “Through-Vias” for communication Number | EECS 252 Graduate Computer Architecture Lec 1 - Introduction John Kubiatowicz Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California, Berkeley CS252 S05 5/14/2020 6:17:00 AM CS252-S07, Lecture 01 What is “Computer Architecture”? Applications Instruction Set Architecture Compiler Operating System Firmware Coordination of many levels of abstraction Under a rapidly changing set of forces Design, Measurement, and Evaluation I/O system Instr. Set Proc. Digital Design Circuit Design Datapath & Control Layout & fab Semiconductor Materials Die photo App photo CS252 S05 5/14/2020 6:17:00 AM CS252-S07, Lecture 01 Technology constantly on the move! All major manufacturers have announced and/or are shipping multi-core processor chips Intel talking about 80 cores in not-to-distance future 3-dimensional chip technology Sandwiches of silicon “Through-Vias” for communication Number of transistors/dice keeps increasing Intel Core 2: 65nm, 291 Million transistors! Intel Pentium D 900: 65nm, 376 Million Transistors! Intel Core Duo 5/14/2020 6:17:00 AM CS252-S07, Lecture 01 Dramatic Technology Advance Prehistory: Generations 1st Tubes 2nd Transistors 3rd Integrated Circuits 4th VLSI . 5th Nanotubes? Optical? Quantum? Discrete advances in each generation Faster, smaller, more reliable, easier to utilize Modern computing: Moore’s Law Continuous advance, fairly homogeneous technology 5/14/2020 6:17:00 AM CS252-S07, Lecture 01 Moore’s Law “Cramming More Components onto Integrated Circuits” Gordon Moore, Electronics, 1965 # on transistors on cost-effective integrated circuit double every 18 months 5/14/2020 6:17:00 AM CS252-S07, Lecture 01 Joy’s Law: Exponential Performance Improvement until 2002??? End of Joy’s Law??? 5/14/2020 6:17:00 AM CS252-S07, Lecture 01 Computer Architecture’s Changing Definition 1950s to 1960s: Computer Architecture Course: .
