The cells that line your stomach produce hydrochloric acid. If the stomach acid backs up into your esophagus, it irritates those tissues, resulting in heartburn. Mild cases of heartburn can be cured by neutralizing the acid in the esophagus. | Chapter 6 Acids and Bases Stomach Acid & Heartburn the cells that line your stomach produce hydrochloric acid to kill unwanted bacteria to help break down food to activate enzymes that break down food if the stomach acid backs up into your esophagus, it irritates those tissues, resulting in heartburn acid reflux GERD = gastroesophageal reflux disease = chronic leaking of stomach acid into the esophagus Curing Heartburn mild cases of heartburn can be cured by neutralizing the acid in the esophagus swallowing saliva which contains bicarbonate ion taking antacids that contain hydroxide ions and/or carbonate ions Properties of Acids sour taste react with “active” metals ., Al, Zn, Fe, but not Cu, Ag, or Au 2 Al + 6 HCl ® 2 AlCl3 + 3 H2 corrosive react with carbonates, producing CO2 marble, baking soda, chalk, limestone CaCO3 + 2 HCl ® CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O change color of vegetable dyes blue litmus turns red react with bases to form ionic salts Common Acids | Chapter 6 Acids and Bases Stomach Acid & Heartburn the cells that line your stomach produce hydrochloric acid to kill unwanted bacteria to help break down food to activate enzymes that break down food if the stomach acid backs up into your esophagus, it irritates those tissues, resulting in heartburn acid reflux GERD = gastroesophageal reflux disease = chronic leaking of stomach acid into the esophagus Curing Heartburn mild cases of heartburn can be cured by neutralizing the acid in the esophagus swallowing saliva which contains bicarbonate ion taking antacids that contain hydroxide ions and/or carbonate ions Properties of Acids sour taste react with “active” metals ., Al, Zn, Fe, but not Cu, Ag, or Au 2 Al + 6 HCl ® 2 AlCl3 + 3 H2 corrosive react with carbonates, producing CO2 marble, baking soda, chalk, limestone CaCO3 + 2 HCl ® CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O change color of vegetable dyes blue litmus turns red react with bases to form ionic salts Common Acids Structures of Acids binary acids have acid hydrogens attached to a nonmetal atom HCl, HF Structure of Acids oxy acids have acid hydrogens attached to an oxygen atom H2SO4, HNO3 Structure of Acids carboxylic acids have COOH group HC2H3O2, H3C6H5O7 only the first H in the formula is acidic the H is on the COOH Properties of Bases also known as alkalis taste bitter alkaloids = plant product that is alkaline often poisonous solutions feel slippery change color of vegetable dyes different color than acid red litmus turns blue react with acids to form ionic salts neutralization Common Bases Structure of Bases most ionic bases contain OH ions NaOH, Ca(OH)2 some contain CO32- ions CaCO3 NaHCO3 molecular bases contain structures that react with H+ mostly amine groups Indicators chemicals which change color depending on the acidity/basicity many vegetable dyes are indicators anthocyanins litmus from Spanish moss red in acid, blue in base .
