After studying this chapter you will be able to: Know which hormones stimulate fat catabolism; know how acyl-CoAs are formed; know how acyl-CoAs are transported from the cytosol to the mitochondria; know the enzymatic steps of normal β-oxidation. Be able to draw the intermediates of one round of β-oxidation, know the co-enzymes and co-substrates involved in each step;. | Chapter 16 (Part 2) Fatty acid Catabolism (b-oxidation) Import of acyl-CoA into mitochondria b-oxidation b-oxidation B-oxidation of palmitate (C16:0) yields 106 molecules of ATP C 16:0-CoA + 7 FAD + 7 NAD+ + 7 H20 + 7 CoA 8 acetyl-CoA + 7 FADH2 + 7 NADH + 7 H+ ATPs per NADH = ATPs per FADH2 = 10 ATPs per acetyl-CoA = 80 Total = 108 ATPs 2 ATP equivalents (ATP AMP + PPi, PPi 2 Pi) consumed during activation of palmitate to acyl-CoA Net yield = 106 ATPs Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase X b-oxidation of odd chain fatty acids b-oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids b-oxidation of fatty acids with even numbered double bonds Formation of ketone bodies Re-utilization of ketone bodies | Chapter 16 (Part 2) Fatty acid Catabolism (b-oxidation) Import of acyl-CoA into mitochondria b-oxidation b-oxidation B-oxidation of palmitate (C16:0) yields 106 molecules of ATP C 16:0-CoA + 7 FAD + 7 NAD+ + 7 H20 + 7 CoA 8 acetyl-CoA + 7 FADH2 + 7 NADH + 7 H+ ATPs per NADH = ATPs per FADH2 = 10 ATPs per acetyl-CoA = 80 Total = 108 ATPs 2 ATP equivalents (ATP AMP + PPi, PPi 2 Pi) consumed during activation of palmitate to acyl-CoA Net yield = 106 ATPs Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase X b-oxidation of odd chain fatty acids b-oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids b-oxidation of fatty acids with even numbered double bonds Formation of ketone bodies Re-utilization of ketone . | Chapter 16 (Part 2) Fatty acid Catabolism (b-oxidation) Import of acyl-CoA into mitochondria b-oxidation b-oxidation B-oxidation of palmitate (C16:0) yields 106 molecules of ATP C 16:0-CoA + 7 FAD + 7 NAD+ + 7 H20 + 7 CoA 8 acetyl-CoA + 7 FADH2 + 7 NADH + 7 H+ ATPs per NADH = ATPs per FADH2 = 10 ATPs per acetyl-CoA = 80 Total = 108 ATPs 2 ATP equivalents (ATP AMP + PPi, PPi 2 Pi) consumed during activation of palmitate to acyl-CoA Net yield = 106 ATPs Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase X b-oxidation of odd chain fatty acids b-oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids b-oxidation of fatty acids with even numbered double bonds Formation of ketone bodies Re-utilization of ketone bodies | Chapter 16 (Part 2) Fatty acid Catabolism (b-oxidation) Import of acyl-CoA into mitochondria b-oxidation b-oxidation B-oxidation of palmitate (C16:0) yields 106 molecules of ATP C 16:0-CoA + 7 FAD + 7 NAD+ + 7 H20 + 7 CoA 8 acetyl-CoA + 7 FADH2 + 7 NADH + 7 H+ ATPs per NADH = ATPs per FADH2 = 10 ATPs per acetyl-CoA = 80 Total = 108 ATPs 2 ATP equivalents (ATP AMP + PPi, PPi 2 Pi) consumed during activation of palmitate to acyl-CoA Net yield = 106 ATPs Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase X b-oxidation of odd chain fatty acids b-oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids b-oxidation of fatty acids with even numbered double bonds Formation of ketone bodies Re-utilization of ketone . | Chapter 16 (Part 2) Fatty acid Catabolism (b-oxidation) Import of acyl-CoA into mitochondria b-oxidation b-oxidation B-oxidation of palmitate (C16:0) yields 106 molecules of ATP C 16:0-CoA + 7 FAD + 7 NAD+ + 7 H20 + 7 CoA 8 acetyl-CoA + 7 FADH2 + 7 NADH + 7 H+ ATPs per NADH = ATPs per FADH2 = 10 ATPs per acetyl-CoA = 80 Total = 108 ATPs 2 ATP equivalents (ATP AMP + PPi, PPi 2 Pi) consumed during activation of palmitate to acyl-CoA Net yield = 106 ATPs Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase X b-oxidation of odd chain fatty acids b-oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids b-oxidation of fatty acids with even numbered double bonds Formation of ketone bodies Re-utilization of ketone bodies
