The main contents of this chapter include all of the following: Sequence-specific DNA fragmentation, cloning fragments of DNA, hybridization, the polymerase chain reaction, DNA sequence analysis, bioinformatics: information technology and genomes, the hemoglobin genes: a comprehensive example. | Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required to reproduce or display PowerPoint to accompany Genetics: From Genes to Genomes Fourth Edition Leland H. Hartwell, Leroy Hood, Michael L. Goldberg, Ann E. Reynolds, and Lee M. Silver Prepared by Mary A. Bedell University of Georgia Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required to reproduce or display Hartwell et al., 4th ed., Chapter 9 CHAPTER Analysis of Genetic Information CHAPTER PART III Digital Analysis of DNA CHAPTER OUTLINE Sequence-Specific DNA Fragmentation Cloning Fragments of DNA Hybridization The Polymerase Chain Reaction DNA Sequence Analysis Bioinformatics: Information Technology and Genomes The Hemoglobin Genes: A Comprehensive Example Restriction enzymes fragment the genome at specific sites Each restriction enzyme recognizes a specific sequence of bases anywhere within the genome Cuts sugar-phosphate backbones of both strands Restriction fragments are generated by digestion of DNA with restriction enzymes Hundreds of restriction enzymes now available Recognition sites for restriction enzymes are usually 4 – 8 bp of double-strand DNA (see Table ) Often palindromic – base sequences of each strand are identical when read 5'-to-3' Each enzyme cuts at same place relative to its specific recognition sequence (Figure ) Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required to reproduce or display Hartwell et al., 4th ed., Chapter 9 Ten commonly used restriction enzymes Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required to reproduce or display Hartwell et al., 4th ed., Chapter 9 Table. Restriction enzymes produce restriction fragments with either blunt or sticky ends Blunt ends – cuts are straight through both DNA strands at the line of symmetry Sticky ends – cuts are displaced equally on either side of line of symmetry Ends have either 5' overhangs or 3' overhangs Copyright © The . | Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required to reproduce or display PowerPoint to accompany Genetics: From Genes to Genomes Fourth Edition Leland H. Hartwell, Leroy Hood, Michael L. Goldberg, Ann E. Reynolds, and Lee M. Silver Prepared by Mary A. Bedell University of Georgia Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required to reproduce or display Hartwell et al., 4th ed., Chapter 9 CHAPTER Analysis of Genetic Information CHAPTER PART III Digital Analysis of DNA CHAPTER OUTLINE Sequence-Specific DNA Fragmentation Cloning Fragments of DNA Hybridization The Polymerase Chain Reaction DNA Sequence Analysis Bioinformatics: Information Technology and Genomes The Hemoglobin Genes: A Comprehensive Example Restriction enzymes fragment the genome at specific sites Each restriction enzyme recognizes a specific sequence of bases anywhere within the genome Cuts sugar-phosphate backbones of both strands Restriction .
