This chapter introduces the reader to the history and milestone developments of criminalistics and criminal investigations. In addition to the history of police and criminal investigative organizations, discussions on the creation and practice of personal identification systems such as anthropometry, fingerprint identification and DNA typing are provided. | ONE The Evolution of Criminal Investigation and Criminalistics LEARNING OBJECTIVES Explain the importance of the Bow Street Runners Discuss the contribution of Sir Robert Peel’s reform to early policing in the United States Explain the history and function of the Pinkerton National Detective Agency Highlight the first major federal investigative agencies and their responsibilities Explain the impact of Supreme Court's "due process revolution" and its impact on policing Discuss Bertillon’s method of anthropometry Summarize the historical development of fingerprint identification Explain the concept and practice of DNA typing Outline the milestones in the development of firearms identification 1-1 THE BOW STREET RUNNERS Small group of volunteers/non-uniformed homeowners Established in 1750 by Henry Fielding/called "Take Thieves" Hurry to scene of crime and begin investigation First modern detective force 1-2 SIR ROBERT PEEL His efforts led to the establishment of a Metropolitan police force for London Peel is considered the father of modern policing Many of his reforms are part of policing today in America Peel was considered a skillful administrator with vision 1-3 PEEL’S PRINCIPLES The police must be stable, efficient, organized along military lines. The police must be under government control. The absence of crime best proves efficiency of police. The distribution of crime news is essential. The deployment of police strength over time and area is essential. No quality is more indispensable to a police officer than a perfect command of temper. 1-4(a) PEEL’S PRINCIPLES (cont'd) Good appearance commands respect. Securing and training proper people is the root of efficiency. Public security demands every police officer be given a number. Police headquarters should be centrally located/easily accessible. Police should be hired on a probationary basis. Police records are necessary to the correctly distribute police strength. 1-4(b) DETECTIVES IN THE . EVOLVED IN THE | ONE The Evolution of Criminal Investigation and Criminalistics LEARNING OBJECTIVES Explain the importance of the Bow Street Runners Discuss the contribution of Sir Robert Peel’s reform to early policing in the United States Explain the history and function of the Pinkerton National Detective Agency Highlight the first major federal investigative agencies and their responsibilities Explain the impact of Supreme Court's "due process revolution" and its impact on policing Discuss Bertillon’s method of anthropometry Summarize the historical development of fingerprint identification Explain the concept and practice of DNA typing Outline the milestones in the development of firearms identification 1-1 THE BOW STREET RUNNERS Small group of volunteers/non-uniformed homeowners Established in 1750 by Henry Fielding/called "Take Thieves" Hurry to scene of crime and begin investigation First modern detective force 1-2 SIR ROBERT PEEL His efforts led to the establishment of a Metropolitan police .
