This chapter students will be able to: List the basic functions of the nervous system; explain the structural and functional divisions of the nervous system; list the types of neuroglia and cite their functions; define neuron, describe its important structural components, and relate each to a functional role;. | 11 Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue: Part A Functions of the Nervous System Sensory input Information gathered by sensory receptors about internal and external changes Integration Interpretation of sensory input Motor output Activation of effector organs (muscles and glands) produces a response Figure Sensory input Motor output Integration Divisions of the Nervous System Central nervous system (CNS) Brain and spinal cord Integration and command center Peripheral nervous system (PNS) Paired spinal and cranial nerves carry messages to and from the CNS Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Two functional divisions Sensory (afferent) division Somatic afferent fibers—convey impulses from skin, skeletal muscles, and joints Visceral afferent fibers—convey impulses from visceral organs Motor (efferent) division Transmits impulses from the CNS to effector organs Motor Division of PNS Somatic (voluntary) nervous system Conscious control of skeletal muscles Motor Division of PNS Autonomic (involuntary) nervous system (ANS) Visceral motor nerve fibers Regulates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands Two functional subdivisions Sympathetic Parasympathetic Figure Central nervous system (CNS) Brain and spinal cord Integrative and control centers Peripheral nervous system (PNS) Cranial nerves and spinal nerves Communication lines between the CNS and the rest of the body Parasympathetic division Conserves energy Promotes house- keeping functions during rest Motor (efferent) division Motor nerve fibers Conducts impulses from the CNS to effectors (muscles and glands) Sensory (afferent) division Somatic and visceral sensory nerve fibers Conducts impulses from receptors to the CNS Somatic nervous system Somatic motor (voluntary) Conducts impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles Sympathetic division Mobilizes body systems during activity Autonomic nervous system (ANS) Visceral motor (involuntary) Conducts impulses from the CNS to cardiac muscles, smooth . | 11 Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue: Part A Functions of the Nervous System Sensory input Information gathered by sensory receptors about internal and external changes Integration Interpretation of sensory input Motor output Activation of effector organs (muscles and glands) produces a response Figure Sensory input Motor output Integration Divisions of the Nervous System Central nervous system (CNS) Brain and spinal cord Integration and command center Peripheral nervous system (PNS) Paired spinal and cranial nerves carry messages to and from the CNS Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Two functional divisions Sensory (afferent) division Somatic afferent fibers—convey impulses from skin, skeletal muscles, and joints Visceral afferent fibers—convey impulses from visceral organs Motor (efferent) division Transmits impulses from the CNS to effector organs Motor Division of PNS Somatic (voluntary) nervous system Conscious control of skeletal muscles Motor Division of
