Chapter 4 - Hardware: The CPU & storage. In this chapter you will learn: Microchips, miniaturization, & mobility; representing data electronically; inside the system unit: power supply, motherboard, & microprocessors; the central processing unit & the machine cycle; memory; expansion cards, bus lines, & ports; secondary storage, future developments in processing & storage. | Chapter 4 Hardware: The CPU & Storage 4 1 Chapter Topics 2 UNIT 4A: Processing: The System Unit, Microprocessors, & Main Memory Microchips, Miniaturization, & Mobility Representing Data Electronically Inside the System Unit: Power Supply, Motherboard, & Microprocessors The Central Processing Unit & the Machine Cycle Memory Expansion Cards, Bus Lines, & Ports UNIT 4B: Secondary Storage Secondary Storage Future Developments in Processing & Storage UNIT 4A: Processing: The System Unit, Microprocessors, & Main Memory Electronic circuitry has remained basically the same over recent years. A circuit is a closed path followed or capable of being followed by an electric current. Vacuum tubes used wire circuits inside them to facilitate the flow of electrons. Transistors have replaced vacuum tubes. 3 Microchips, Miniaturization, & Mobility 4 The Since the early 1970s, microchips have gotten smaller and smaller yet more and more powerful and faster. A . | Chapter 4 Hardware: The CPU & Storage 4 1 Chapter Topics 2 UNIT 4A: Processing: The System Unit, Microprocessors, & Main Memory Microchips, Miniaturization, & Mobility Representing Data Electronically Inside the System Unit: Power Supply, Motherboard, & Microprocessors The Central Processing Unit & the Machine Cycle Memory Expansion Cards, Bus Lines, & Ports UNIT 4B: Secondary Storage Secondary Storage Future Developments in Processing & Storage UNIT 4A: Processing: The System Unit, Microprocessors, & Main Memory Electronic circuitry has remained basically the same over recent years. A circuit is a closed path followed or capable of being followed by an electric current. Vacuum tubes used wire circuits inside them to facilitate the flow of electrons. Transistors have replaced vacuum tubes. 3 Microchips, Miniaturization, & Mobility 4 The Since the early 1970s, microchips have gotten smaller and smaller yet more and more powerful and faster. A transistor is a tiny electronic switch that can be turned “on” or “off” millions of times per second. Transistors form part of an integrated circuit: all the parts of an electronic circuit embedded on a single silicon chip. Integrated circuits are solid state (no moving parts). 5 Silicon: A semiconductor made of clay and sand. Semiconductor: A material whose electrical properties are intermediate between a good conductor and a nonconductor of electricity. Perfect underlayer for highly conductive, complex circuits. Microchips (Microprocessors) are made from semiconductors. Chip: A tiny piece of silicon that contains millions of microminiature integrated electronic circuits. 6 Chip Miniaturization Microchips Store and process data in electronic devices Microprocessors The miniaturized circuitry of an entire computer processor (“brain”) on a single chip Contains the central processing unit (CPU), which processes data into information The development of microchips and processors has enabled the
