Chapter 7 provides knowledge of cardiovascular system. The following will be discussed in this chapter: The blood vessels, the heart, features of the cardiovascular system, the vascular pathways, cardiovascular disorders, homeostasis. | Chapter 7 Biology 25: Human Biology Prof. Gonsalves Los Angeles City College Loosely Based on Mader’s Human Biology,7th edition Blood Vessels Include arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins. Double circuit, closed system: 1. Pulmonary circuit: Delivers blood to lungs. Oxygenation of blood. 2. Systemic circuit: Delivers oxygenated blood to tissues and organs of body (brain, liver, heart, kidneys, etc). Picks up carbon dioxide produced by tissues. Heart Anatomical Features: Hollow muscular organ, about the size of a human fist. Weighs less than one pound (10 ounces). Rests on diaphragm, near middle of thoracic cavity. Wall is composed of cardiac muscle covered by connective tissue. Pericardium: Membrane that surrounds entire heart and contains a fluid which protects heart and decreases friction. Heart Heart Chambers: Heart is divided into four separate chambers. Both the left and the right side of the heart have a(an): Atrium (Plural atria): Smaller, superior chambers. Receive blood from veins. Ventricle: Larger, inferior chambers. Pump blood into arteries. Two sides of heart have different functions: Right side: Pumps oxygen poor blood. Left side: Pumps oxygen rich blood. Pacemaker (Sinoatrial node): Specialized structure that sends electrical impulses that causes both atria and ventricles to contract. Heart Heart Valves: Heart has several valves made of connective tissue, that prevent backflow of blood as it circulates. Atrioventricular (AV) Valves: Close between atria and ventricles Right AV Valve: Connects right atrium to the right ventricle. Left AV Valve: Connects left atrium to the left ventricle. Semilunar Valves: Close as blood leaves the ventricles and enters the arteries. Heart murmur: Rushing, gurgling sound created by backflow of blood due to damaged or imperfect heart valves. Fairly common (10% of healthy population). Most are asymptomatic. Heart Beat Average 70 beats per minute. 100,000 beats every day. Cardiac cycle about every sec. | Chapter 7 Biology 25: Human Biology Prof. Gonsalves Los Angeles City College Loosely Based on Mader’s Human Biology,7th edition Blood Vessels Include arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins. Double circuit, closed system: 1. Pulmonary circuit: Delivers blood to lungs. Oxygenation of blood. 2. Systemic circuit: Delivers oxygenated blood to tissues and organs of body (brain, liver, heart, kidneys, etc). Picks up carbon dioxide produced by tissues. Heart Anatomical Features: Hollow muscular organ, about the size of a human fist. Weighs less than one pound (10 ounces). Rests on diaphragm, near middle of thoracic cavity. Wall is composed of cardiac muscle covered by connective tissue. Pericardium: Membrane that surrounds entire heart and contains a fluid which protects heart and decreases friction. Heart Heart Chambers: Heart is divided into four separate chambers. Both the left and the right side of the heart have a(an): Atrium (Plural atria): Smaller, superior chambers. .
