Chapter 15 provides knowledge of endocrine system. This chapter includes contents: Endocrine glands, hypothalamus and pituitary gland, thyroid and parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, other endocrine glands, chemical signals. | Chapter 15 Biology 25: Human Biology Prof. Gonsalves Los Angeles City College Based on Mader’s Human Biology,7th edition and Fox’s 8th ed Powerpoints Hormones Regulatory molecules secreted into the blood or lymph by endocrine glands. Lack ducts. Carry hormone to target tissue where it produces its effects. Chemical Classification of Hormones Amines Polypeptides Glycoproteins Steroids Amines Hormones derived from tyrosine and tryptophan. Include hormones secreted by adrenal medulla, thyroid, and pineal glands. Polypeptides Chains of amino acids (100) bound to one or more carbohydrate (CHO) groups. FSH LH Steroids Lipids derived from cholesterol. Are lipophilic hormones. Testosterone Estradiol Cortisol Progesterone Thyroid Hormones Tyrosine derivatives bound together. Contain 4 iodine atoms (T4). Contain 3 iodine atoms (T3). Small, non-polar molecules. Soluble in plasma membranes. Hormone Precursors Prohormone: Precursor is a longer chained chemical that is cut and spliced to make the hormone. Preprohormone: Prohormone derived from larger precursor molecule. Prehormone: Molecules secreted by endocrine glands that are inactive until changed to hormones by target cells. Anterior and posterior pituitary glands. Also called the neurohypophysis. Formed by downgrowth of the brain during fetal development. Is in contact with the infundibulum. Nerve fibers extend through the infundibulum. Posterior Pituitary Hypothalamic Control of Posterior Pituitary Hypothalamus produces: ADH: supraoptic nuclei. Oxytocin: paraventricular nuclei. Hormones transported along the hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract. Stored in posterior pituitary. Release controlled by neuroendocrine reflexes. Master gland (also called adenohypophysis). Derived from a pouch of epithelial tissue that migrates upward from the mouth. Consists of 2 parts: Pars distalis: anterior pituitary. Pars tuberalis: thin extension in contact with the . | Chapter 15 Biology 25: Human Biology Prof. Gonsalves Los Angeles City College Based on Mader’s Human Biology,7th edition and Fox’s 8th ed Powerpoints Hormones Regulatory molecules secreted into the blood or lymph by endocrine glands. Lack ducts. Carry hormone to target tissue where it produces its effects. Chemical Classification of Hormones Amines Polypeptides Glycoproteins Steroids Amines Hormones derived from tyrosine and tryptophan. Include hormones secreted by adrenal medulla, thyroid, and pineal glands. Polypeptides Chains of amino acids (100) bound to one or more carbohydrate (CHO) groups. FSH LH Steroids Lipids derived from cholesterol. Are lipophilic hormones. Testosterone Estradiol Cortisol Progesterone Thyroid Hormones Tyrosine derivatives bound together. Contain 4 iodine atoms (T4). Contain 3 iodine atoms (T3). Small, non-polar molecules. Soluble in plasma membranes. Hormone Precursors Prohormone:
