(BQ) Part 2 book "Dermatological signs of systemic disease" presentation of content: Vascular neoplasms and malformations, diabetes and the skin, thyroid and the skin, cutaneous diseases associated with gastrointestinal abnormalities, hepatic disease and the skin,. and other contents. | CHAPTER 23 Vascular Neoplasms and Malformations Julie V. Schaffer • Jean L. Bolognia KEY POINTS variety of vascular lesions can serve as • A cutaneous signs of systemic disease. • Telangiectasias or angiokeratomas with particular morphologies and distributions raise suspicion for an autoimmune connective tissue disease or a genetic disorder. • Vascular anomalies are divided into two major categories: tumors due to endothelial cell proliferation and malformations that result from errors in vascular morphogenesis. • Benign vascular tumors and vascular malformations may have associated widespread or regional extracutaneous findings. • Kaposi’s sarcoma and angiosarcoma represent two malignant vascular tumors with internal manifestations. There are a number of vascular lesions that serve as cutaneous signs of systemic disease, from the mat elangiectasias t of scleroderma and the papular telangiectasias of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (Osler–Weber–Rendu syndrome) to the angiokeratomas of Fabry disease. In addition, some vascular tumors and malformations may be associated with extracutaneous findings such as profound thrombocytopenia in asabach–Merritt syndrome or K glaucoma and neurologic abnormalities in Sturge–Weber syndrome. Over the past several decades, increased appreciation of the differences between vascular tumors and malformations has led to improved classification and management of these lesions. This chapter concludes with a discussion of two malignant vascular tumors with potential internal manifestations: Kaposi’s sarcoma and angiosarcoma. telangiectasias, which can result in misdiagnosis as the erythematotelangiectatic form of rosacea. In ataxia–telangiectasia, linear telangiectasias first appear on the bulbar conjunctivae during early childhood, followed over time by similar, but often more subtle, lesions in sites such as the periocular skin, ears, and antecubital and popliteal fossae. The telangiectasias are typically
