(BQ) Part 2 book "Principles of pharmacology - The pathophysiologic basis of drug therapy" presentation of content: Principles of endocrine pharmacology, principles of inflammation and immune pharmacology, principles of chemotherapy, fundamentals of drug development and regulation, environmental toxicology,. and other content. | IV Principles of Endocrine Pharmacology 26 Pharmacology of the Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland Anand Vaidya and Ursula B. Kaiser INTRODUCTION & CASE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465-466 HYPOTHALAMIC AND PITUITARY PHYSIOLOGY . . . . . . . . . 465 Relationship Between the Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465 Feedback Inhibition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468 PHYSIOLOGY, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, AND PHARMACOLOGY OF INDIVIDUAL AXES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468 Anterior Pituitary Gland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468 Hypothalamic-Pituitary–Growth Hormone Axis . . . . . . 468 Hypothalamic-Pituitary–Prolactin Axis . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471 Hypothalamic-Pituitary–Thyroid Axis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472 Hypothalamic-Pituitary–Adrenal Axis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472 Hypothalamic-Pituitary–Gonadal Axis . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473 Posterior Pituitary Gland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474 Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474 Oxytocin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476 Suggested Reading. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476 ᭤ INTRODUCTION (adenohypophysis) is derived from ectodermal tissue. The posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis) is a neural structure derived from the ventral surface of the diencephalon. The prefixes adeno- and neuro- denote the oral ectodermal and neural ectodermal origin of the anterior and posterior pituitary gland components, respectively. An intermediate lobe also exists in most mammals but is vestigial in humans. Although the anterior and posterior pituitary glands derive from different embryologic origins, the hypothalamus controls the activity of both lobes. The connection between hypothalamus and pituitary gland is one
