(BQ) Part 2 book "Pathology of infectious diseases" presentation of content: Anaerobic bacterial infections; rickettsia, ehrlichia, and anaplasma infections; tuberculosis and infections by nontuberculous mycobacteria, buruli ulcer, dematiaceous fungal infections, parasitic infections,. and other contents. | 16 Bacterial Gastrointestinal Infections ■■ Laura W. Lamps Enteric pathogens are the leading cause of childhood death in the world and the second leading cause of death for people of all ages (second only to cardiovascular disease). In many areas of the world, problems with water quality, sanitation, and food hygiene practice contribute to the transmission of gastrointestinal infectious diseases. Many other aspects of modern living also contribute to the transmission of enteric pathogens, however, including camping and water sports involving untreated water sources; poor swimming pool hygiene; frequent consumption of restaurant-prepared and prepackaged foods; more widespread consumption of raw or poorly cooked meats and seafood; and travel, particularly from an area of good sanitation to one of poor sanitation. The number of bone marrow and solid organ transplant patients continues to increase as well, as does the population of patients with other immunocompromising conditions. For all of these reasons, and as global urbanization, immigration, and transcontinental travel become more frequent, infectious diseases that were once limited to certain populations or regions of the world can now be found almost anywhere. The goals of the surgical pathologist in evaluating gastrointestinal specimens for infection are basically twofold. First, the surgical pathologist must attempt to differentiate histologic changes suggesting infection from other inflammatory processes, including chronic idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis or Crohn disease), ischemia, adverse drug reactions, and autoimmune disorders. Following this determination, dedicated attempts must be made to diagnose the specific infectious organism. The surgical pathologist’s ability to detect infectious processes in tissue sections has grown exponentially with the advent of new histochemical and immunohistochemical stains, as well as molecular assays. As these techniques have developed and .
