(BQ) Part 2 book "Pathology pretest self assessment and review" presentation of content: Gastrointestinal system, urinary system, endocrine system, reproductive systems, skin, musculoskeletal system, nervous system, bibliography. | Gastrointestinal System Questions 270. A newborn infant is noted to have coughing and cyanosis during feeding. T his infant is also noted to have marked gastric dilation due to “ swallowed” air. Workup reveals that this infant has the most common type of esophageal atresia. Which one of the following statements correctly describes this type of congenital abnormality? a. Atresia of the esophagus with fistula between both segments and the trachea b. Atresia of the esophagus with fistula between the trachea and the blind upper segment c. Atresia of the esophagus with fistula between the trachea and the distal esophageal segment d. Atresia of the esophagus without tracheoesophageal fistula e. Fistula between a normal esophagus and the trachea 271. A 49-year-old woman presents with increasing problems swallowing food (progressive dysphagia). X-ray studies with contrast reveal that she has a markedly dilated esophagus above the level of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). No lesions are seen within the lumen of the esophagus. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this disorder? a. Decreased LES resting pressure b. Absence of myenteric plexus in the body of esophagus c. Absence of myenteric plexus at the LES d. Absence of submucosal plexus in the body of esophagus e. Absence of submucosal plexus at the LES 272. A 45-year-old male alcoholic with a history of portal hypertension presents with vomiting of blood (hematemesis) and hypotension. He denies any history of vomiting nonblood material or retching prior to vomiting blood. During workup he dies suddenly. Which of the following histologic changes is most likely to be seen in a biopsy specimen taken from his esophagus? a. Metaplastic columnar epithelium b. Decreased ganglion cells in the myenteric plexus c. Dilated blood vessels in the submucosa d. Mucosal outpouchings e. Numerous intraepithelial neutrophils 273. A 45-year-old man presents with increasing “ heartburn,” especially after eating or when .
