(BQ) Part 2 book "Vaccines expert consult" presentation of content: Biodefense and special pathogen vaccines, therapeutic cancer vaccines, cytomegalovirus vaccines, dytomegalovirus vaccines, diarrhea caused by bacteria, ebola vaccine, hepatitis E vaccines, vaccination of special groups,.and other contents. | SECTION THREE: Vaccines in development and new vaccine strategies 41 Biodefense and special pathogen vaccines Phillip R. Pittman Stanley A. Plotkin This chapter covers vaccines for military personnel as well as some vaccines in development for uncommon or geographically limited diseases. Military personnel have the potential for exposure to many infectious agents as endemic diseases and in their unnatural form as biological weapons. Increasingly, civilian populations may be targets for terrorist attacks using microorganisms (or their toxins), as was demonstrated by the purposeful dissemination of anthrax spores following ballistic attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon in 2001. The US Army has had a long-standing program to develop vaccines with which to combat these threats. Many of these vaccine products are currently in use at the US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) and elsewhere to protect laboratory researchers; meanwhile, advances in technology are being applied in developing the next generation of vaccines. The principal organization responsible for medical countermeasures against biological warfare agents within the Department of Defense (DOD) is the US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command (MRMC) located at Fort Detrick, Maryland. The subordinate unit with current direct responsibility for this exclusively defensive mission is USAMRIID. Before 1969, when the United States maintained an offensive biological weapons program, the US Army Medical Unit (subordinate to the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC) served in this capacity. Many of the biowarfare vaccines used today were conceived at the US Army Medical Unit and then underwent further development and/or scale-up at the National Drug Laboratories, more recently known as The Salk Institute, Government Services Division (TSI-GSD), in Swiftwater, Pennsylvania, but which is now closed. The majority of vaccines developed at Fort .
