(BQ) Part 2 book "Analysis and design of analog integrated circuits" has contents: Operational amplifiers with single ended outputs; frequency response of integrated circuits; feedback; frequency response and stability of feedback amplifiers; nonlinear analog circuits; noise in integrated circuits; fully differential operational amplifiers,. And other contents. | CHAPTER 6 Operational Amplifiers with Single-Ended Outputs In the previous three chapters, the most important circuit building blocks utilized in analog integrated circuits (ICs) have been studied. Most analog ICs consist primarily of these basic circuits connected in such a way as to perform the desired function. Although the variety of standard and special-purpose custom ICs is almost limitless, a few standard circuits stand out as perhaps having the widest application in systems of various kinds. These include operational amplifiers, voltage regulators, and analog-to-digital (A/D) and digital-to-analog (D/A) converters. In this chapter, we will consider monolithic operational amplifiers (op amps) with single-ended outputs, both as an example of the utilization of the previously described circuit building blocks and as an introduction to the design and application of this important class of analog circuit. Op amps with fully differential outputs are considered in Chapter 12, and voltage-regulator circuits are considered in Chapter 8. The design of A/D and D/A converters is not covered, but it involves application of the circuit techniques described throughout the book. An ideal op amp with a single-ended output has a differential input, infinite voltage gain, infinite input resistance, and zero output resistance. A conceptual schematic diagram is shown in Fig. . While actual op amps do not have these ideal characteristics, their performance is usually sufficiently good that the circuit behavior closely approximates that of an ideal op amp in most applications. In op-amp design, bipolar transistors offer many advantages over their CMOS counterparts, such as higher transconductance for a given current, higher gain (gm ro ), higher speed, lower input-referred offset voltage and lower input-referred noise voltage. (The topic of noise is considered in Chapter 11.) As a result, op amps made from bipolar transistors offer the best performance in many cases, including .
