(BQ) Part 2 book "Mechatronics principles and applications" has contents: Electrical actuator systems, mechanical actuator systems, interfacing microcontrollers with actuators, control theory - modeling, control theory - analysis, control theory graphical techniques,. and other contents. | CHAPTER 9 Electrical actuator systems Chapter objectives When you have finished this chapter you should be able to: & distinguish between the roles of solenoids and relays; & distinguish between shunt and separately excited . motors; & control . motor speed by adding an armature resistance; & control . motor speed control by adjusting armature voltage; & control . motor speed control by pulse width modulation; & understand how a stepper motor works; & understand the hardware for stepper motor speed control; & choose motors based on some practical guidelines. Introduction So far, we have concentrated on electronic components, sensors and related signalprocessing methods which on their own, cannot produce mechanical actions or motion. While a sensor is a device that can convert mechanical energy to electrical energy, a transducer (in this case, it is often called an actuator) is a device that can convert electrical energy to mechanical energy. Actuators are the devices which are used to produce motion or action, such as linear motion or angular motion. Some of the important actuators used in mechatronic systems are solenoids, electric motors, hydraulic pumps, and hydraulic cylinders and pneumatic cylinders. These actuators are instrumental in moving physical objects in mechatronic systems. Before discussing these actuators in more detail, it is appropriate to briefly cover the basic principles of moving-iron transducers. 315 316 Mechatronics Moving-iron transducers One important class of electro-magneto-mechanical transducer is that of movingiron transducers, which form the basis for electromagnets, solenoids, and relays. The simplest example of a moving-iron transducer is the electromagnet shown in Figure , in which the U-shaped element is fixed and the bar is moveable. Table summarizes the analogies that exist between electric and magnetic circuits. In order for a mass to be displaced, some work needs to be done. .
