(BQ) Part 2 book "Fundamentals of fluid mechanics" has contents: Viscous flow in pipes, open channel flow, flow over immersed bodies, flow over immersed bodies, turbomachines (E-book only)/ | 7708d_c08_442-531 7/23/01 2:38 PM Page 443 8 Viscous Flow in Pipes Pipe flow is very important in our daily operations. In the previous chapters we have considered a variety of topics concerning the motion of fluids. The basic governing principles concerning mass, momentum, and energy were developed and applied, in conjunction with rather severe assumptions, to numerous flow situations. In this chapter we will apply the basic principles to a specific, important topic—the flow of viscous, incompressible fluids in pipes and ducts. The transport of a fluid 1liquid or gas2 in a closed conduit 1commonly called a pipe if it is of round cross section or a duct if it is not round2 is extremely important in our daily operations. A brief consideration of the world around us will indicate that there is a wide variety of applications of pipe flow. Such applications range from the large, man-made Alaskan pipeline that carries crude oil almost 800 miles across Alaska, to the more complex 1and certainly not less useful2 natural systems of “pipes” that carry blood throughout our body and air into and out of our lungs. Other examples include the water pipes in our homes and the distribution system that delivers the water from the city well to the house. Numerous hoses and pipes carry hydraulic fluid or other fluids to various components of vehicles and machines. The air quality within our buildings is maintained at comfortable levels by the distribution of conditioned 1heated, cooled, humidified͞dehumidified2 air through a maze of pipes and ducts. Although all of these systems are different, the fluid-mechanics principles governing the fluid motions are common. The purpose of this chapter is to understand the basic processes involved in such flows. Some of the basic components of a typical pipe system are shown in Fig. . They include the pipes themselves 1perhaps of more than one diameter2, the various fittings used to connect the individual pipes to form the desired .
