Lecture Microbiology - Chapter 24: Diseases of the nervous system. This chapter presents the following content: Anatomy review, bacterial diseases of the brain and meninges - meningitis, bacterial meningitis, viral meningitis, viral diseases of the brain and meninges - rabies, tetanus,. | DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM CHAPTER 24 Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Anatomy Review Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System Meninges – 3 layers covering the brain Blood Brain Barrier – Exceptionally impermeable capillary network © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Bacterial Diseases of the Brain and Meninges - Meningitis Symptoms – Headache, fever, chills, stiff neck Diagnosis via CSF culture Meningococcal meningitis Neisseria meningitidis – 15% mortality due to Rx delays – Infants, young adults • Fatigue, overcrowding – Death due to endotoxin shock – Penicillin – Vaccine does not cover all strains © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Bacterial Meningitis Haemophilus influenzae type B ( Hib) Commonest cause of meningitis prior to vaccine development 30-50% carrier rate in children Fatal without treatment – Seizures, mental retardation common in survivors – Largest cause of mental retardation in . and world-wide Streptococcus pneumoniae Commonest adult cause of bacterial meningitis Spreads from other sites – Blood – Lungs 40% mortality rate Cocktail vaccine for pneumonia is effective © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Viral Meningitis Self limiting, non-fatal – More common, less serious than bacterial meningitis Enterovirus and mumps virus most common © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights .
