(BQ) Part 2 book "Organic chemistry" has contents: Carboxylic acids and nitriles; carbonyl alpha substitution and condensation reactions, amino acid metabolism, biomolecules - Lipids and their metabolism, biomolecules - Lipids and their metabolism,.and other contents. | 14 Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition Reactions Phosphoglucoisomerase catalyzes the isomerization of glucose 6-phosphate to fructose 6-phosphate, the second step in glucose metabolism. contents Naming Aldehydes and Ketones Preparing Aldehydes and Ketones Oxidation of Aldehydes Nucleophilic Addition Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones Nucleophilic Addition of H2O: Hydration Nucleophilic Addition of Grignard and Hydride Reagents: Alcohol Formation Nucleophilic Addition of Amines: Imine and Enamine Formation Nucleophilic Addition of Phosphorus Ylides: The Wittig Reaction Conjugate Nucleophilic Addition to ␣,-Unsaturated Aldehydes and Ketones Spectroscopy of Aldehydes and Ketones Lagniappe—Enantioselective Synthesis 564 CH2OH 2–O PO 3 CH3 H H HO CH3 O O OH C Nucleophilic Addition of Alcohols: Acetal Formation Biological Reductions Aldehydes (RCHO) and ketones (R2CO) are among the most widely occurring of all compounds. In nature, many substances required by living organisms are aldehydes or ketones. The aldehyde pyridoxal phosphate, for instance, is a coenzyme involved in a large number of metabolic reactions; the ketone hydrocortisone is a steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal glands to regulate fat, protein, and carbohydrate metabolism. H +N OH H CH3 Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) H H O Hydrocortisone In the chemical industry, simple aldehydes and ketones are produced in large quantities for use as solvents and as starting materials to prepare a host of other compounds. For example, more than million tons per year of formaldehyde, H2CUO, are produced in the United States for use in building insulation materials and in the adhesive resins that bind particle board and plywood. Online homework for this chapter can be assigned in Organic OWL. naming aldehydes and ketones Acetone, (CH3)2CUO, is widely used as an industrial solvent; approximately .
