(BQ) Part 2 book "Managerial accounting" hass contents: Accounting: Activity-Based costing and management, activity based costing and management, performance evaluation in decentralized organizations, job costing, process costing, support activity and dual rate allocations,.and other contents. | Find more at Module III Planning and Control over the Long Term: Maximizing Profit We devote Module III (Chapters 9–13) to long-term ABC can lead to better decisions by refining estimates decisions. In the long term, costs associated with property, equipment, and salaried personnel (“capacity resources”), which are fixed in the short term, become controllable and relevant. Accordingly, longterm decisions focus on matching the supply and demand of these capacity resources and making the most effective use of capacity resources. It is often difficult, however, to estimate the controllable capacity costs related to equipment, space, and personnel. This difficulty arises because products and customers share capacity resources; that is, such costs are not directly traceable to individual products and customers. In the language of Chapter 2, capacity costs are indirect costs. As a practical solution, firms use cost allocations to approximate the long-term change in capacity costs. Chapter 9 provides an integrated discussion of the various demands for cost allocations within an organization. We first examine how and why firms make frequent use of cost allocations for long-term decisions. We then present and discuss other reasons for allocations: reporting income to external parties such as shareholders and the IRS, justifying cost-based reimbursements, and influencing behavior within the organization. In Chapter 10, we take a close look at the use of allocations for decision making. We focus particularly on activity-based costing (ABC), and illustrate how of controllable capacity costs. We also discuss how ABC systems facilitate activity-based management, enabling firms to optimize their products, customers, and resources. Despite their widespread use, allocations have two limitations: (1) They do not consider the time value of money; and (2) they do not consider the lumpy nature of capacity resources. These limitations are of .
