This chapter presents the following content: An organism’s metabolism transforms matter and energy, subject to the laws of thermodynamics, the free-energy change of a reaction tells us whether the reaction occurs spontaneously, ATP powers cellular work by coupling exergonic reactions to endergonic reactions,. | Chapter 8 Warm-Up Define the term “metabolism”. List 3 forms of energy. Where does the energy available for nearly all living things on earth come from? Ch. 8 Warm-Up What are the 1st and 2nd laws of thermodynamics? Give the definition and an example of: Catabolic reaction Anabolic reaction Is the breakdown of glucose in cellular respiration exergonic or endergonic? Ch. 8 Warm-Up Draw and label the following: enzyme, active site, substrate. Describe what is meant by the term induced fit. What types of factors can affect an enzyme’s function? Chapter 8 An Introduction to Metabolism What You Need To Know: Examples of endergonic and exergonic reactions. The key role of ATP in energy coupling. That enzymes work by lowering the energy of activation. The catalytic cycle of an enzyme that results in the production of a final product. The factors that influence enzyme activity. Metabolism is the totality of an organism’s chemical reactions Manage the materials and energy resources of a cell Catabolic pathways release energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler compounds Eg. digestive enzymes break down food release energy Anabolic pathways consume energy to build complex molecules from simpler ones Eg. amino acids link to form muscle protein Energy = capacity to do work Kinetic energy (KE): energy associated with motion Heat (thermal energy) is KE associated with random movement of atoms or molecules Potential energy (PE): stored energy as a result of its position or structure Chemical energy is PE available for release in a chemical reaction Energy can be converted from one form to another Eg. chemical mechanical electrical A closed system, such as liquid in a thermos, is isolated from its surroundings In an open system, energy and matter can be transferred between the system and its surroundings Organisms are open systems Thermodynamics is the study of energy transformations that occur in nature The First Law of Thermodynamics The energy of the universe | Chapter 8 Warm-Up Define the term “metabolism”. List 3 forms of energy. Where does the energy available for nearly all living things on earth come from? Ch. 8 Warm-Up What are the 1st and 2nd laws of thermodynamics? Give the definition and an example of: Catabolic reaction Anabolic reaction Is the breakdown of glucose in cellular respiration exergonic or endergonic? Ch. 8 Warm-Up Draw and label the following: enzyme, active site, substrate. Describe what is meant by the term induced fit. What types of factors can affect an enzyme’s function? Chapter 8 An Introduction to Metabolism What You Need To Know: Examples of endergonic and exergonic reactions. The key role of ATP in energy coupling. That enzymes work by lowering the energy of activation. The catalytic cycle of an enzyme that results in the production of a final product. The factors that influence enzyme activity. Metabolism is the totality of an organism’s chemical reactions Manage the materials and energy resources of a cell .
