After studying this chapter you will be able to: Compare and contrast open and closed circulatory systems; compare and contrast the circulatory systems of fish, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals or birds; distinguish between pulmonary and systemic circuits and explain the function of each; trace the path of a red blood cell through the human heart, pulmonary circuit, and systemic circuit. | Circulation and Gas Exchange Chapter 42 Chapter 42 Warm-Up How does the heart beat? What are the 3 types of blood cells and their function? What is the function of the lymphatic system? List the pathway of one molecule of O2 from the air into your pinky toe. What you need to know: General characteristics of a respiratory surface How O2 and CO2 are transported in blood Pathway of O2 from air RBC tissues Respiration Gas exchange supplies O2 for cellular respiration and disposes of CO2 Partial pressure = pressure exerted by a particular gas in a mixture of gases Gases always diffuse from higher partial pressure lower partial pressure © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Respiratory media: O2 in air or water Respiratory surface: body wall, skin, gills, tracheae, lungs Characteristics: Moist Large surface area-to-volume ratio Larger animals: associated with vascular system © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Parapodium (functions as gill) (a) Marine worm (b) Crayfish Gills Gills Tube foot (c) Sea star Coelom Gills in aquatic animals Figure Diversity in the structure of gills, external body surfaces that function in gas exchange. Fish gills: absorb O2 through countercurrent exchange (blood flows opposite of water) Tracheal systems in insects Respiratory system in birds (lungs + air sacs) Mammalian respiratory system Pathway of O2 Nose/mouth: filtered, warmed, humidified Pharynx Larynx: contains vocal cords Trachea: windpipe; lined with cartilage Bronchi: branches to lungs Bronchioles Alveoli: air sacs for gas exchange Mucus: traps particles Cilia: sweeps particles up to pharynx Alveoli Figure Exhaled air Inhaled air Pulmonary arteries Systemic veins Systemic arteries Pulmonary veins Alveolar capillaries Alveolar spaces Alveolar epithelial cells Heart Systemic capillaries CO2 O2 Body tissue (a) The path of respiratory gases in the circulatory system CO2 O2 8 1 2 3 7 6 4 5 Figure Loading and unloading of respiratory gases. Diaphragm: . | Circulation and Gas Exchange Chapter 42 Chapter 42 Warm-Up How does the heart beat? What are the 3 types of blood cells and their function? What is the function of the lymphatic system? List the pathway of one molecule of O2 from the air into your pinky toe. What you need to know: General characteristics of a respiratory surface How O2 and CO2 are transported in blood Pathway of O2 from air RBC tissues Respiration Gas exchange supplies O2 for cellular respiration and disposes of CO2 Partial pressure = pressure exerted by a particular gas in a mixture of gases Gases always diffuse from higher partial pressure lower partial pressure © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Respiratory media: O2 in air or water Respiratory surface: body wall, skin, gills, tracheae, lungs Characteristics: Moist Large surface area-to-volume ratio Larger animals: associated with vascular system © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Parapodium (functions as gill) (a) Marine worm (b) Crayfish Gills Gills Tube .
