The main contents of this chapter include all of the following: Invertebrates, vertebrate evolution & diversity, plant structure & growth, transport in plants, plant nutrition, plant reproduction & development, control systems in plants, introduction to animal structure & function, animal nutrition, circulation & gas exchange, body’s defenses, controlling the internal environment, chemical signals in animals, animal reproduction, animal development, nervous systems, sensory & motor mechanisms, introduction to ecology & the biosphere, behavioral biology, population ecology, community ecology, ecosystems, conservation biology. | CHAPTER 33 INVERTEBRATES OUTLINE I. II. III. IV. V. VI. The Parazoa A. Phylum Porifera: sponges are sessile with porous bodies and choanocytes The Radiata A. Phylum Cnidaria: cnidarians have radial symmetry, a gastrovascular cavity, and cnidocytes B. Phylum Ctenophora: comb jellies possess rows of ciliary plates and adhesive colloblasts The Acoelomates A. Phylum Platyhelminthes: flatworms are dorsoventrally flattened acoelomates The Pseudocoelomates A. Phylum Rotifera: rotifers have jaws and a crown of cilia B. Phylum Nematoda: roundworms are unsegmented and cylindrical with tapered ends The Coelomates: Protostomes A. Phylum Nemertea: The phylogenetic position of proboscis worms is uncertain B. The lophophorate phyla: bryozoans, phoronids, and brachiopods have ciliated tentacles around their mouths C. Phylum Mollusca: mollusks have a muscular foot, a visceral mass, and a mantle D. Phylum Annelida: annelids are segmented worms E. Phylum Arthropoda: arthropods have regional segmentation, jointed appendages, and an exoskeleton The Coelomates: Deuterostomes A. Phylum Echinodermata: Echinoderms have a water vascular system and secondary radial symmetry B. Phylum Chordata: the chordates include two invertebrate subphyla and all vertebrates OBJECTIVES After reading this chapter and attending lecture, the student should be able to: 1. From a diagram, identify the parts of a sponge and describe the function of each including the spongocoel, porocyte, epidermis, choanocyte, mesohyl, amoebocyte, osculum, and spicule. 2. List characteristics of the phylum Cnidaria that distinguish it from the other animal phyla. 3. Describe the two basic body plans in Cnidaria and their role in Cnidarian life cycles. 4. List the three classes of Cnidaria and distinguish among them based upon life cycle and 476 Unit V The Evolutionary History of Biological .
