This paper presents findings from an analysis of the effects of commercialization process and start-up company formation on the outcome of research activities at universities in the United States (.). In particular, we implement the fixed effect model differentiating both the level effects and the rate effects of licensing income and start-ups. | VNU Journal of Science, Economics and Business 28, No. 5E (2012) 51‐61 The Determinants of the Patent Applications at United States Universities How Can Vietnamese Universities Learn from the Evidence? Nguyễn Văn Phương* International University - Vietnam National, University HCMC, Quarter 6, Lĩnh Trung Ward, Thủ Đức Dist., Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Received 20 July 2012 * Abstract. This paper presents findings from an analysis of the effects of commercialization process and start-up company formation on the outcome of research activities at universities in the United States (.). In particular, we implement the fixed effect model differentiating both the level effects and the rate effects of licensing income and start-ups. We find some interesting results. First, the elapsed time to compensate the initial value loss of a patent application from the commercialization process is approximately years. Second, it takes around years to offset the initial reduction of patent applications from generating a new start-up company formation. In addition, the paper also finds that patent applications have not developed in Vietnam. Specifically, Vietnamese universities have not generated considerable revenue from licensing university intellectual property in the forms of patents as well as establishing start-up company formation. Keywords: Patent applications, commercialization, start-ups, universities. 1. Introduction* structural funds has been partially recouped by the increase in funds from for-profit and nonprofit organizations and by tighter relationships between university and industry. In addition, technology spillovers from universities to industry can occur automatically when universities implement the formation of start-up companies through providing incubation, equity investment and incentives to faculties to step further into cooperation with companies. Many previous studies have explored the commercialization activities and .
