After studying this chapter you will be able to understand: Water: crucial to life, intake recommendations: how much water is enough? minerals, major minerals and health, sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sulfur, trace minerals, iron, zinc,. | Chapter 8 Water & Minerals: The Ocean Within 1 Water: Crucial to Life Water is the most essential nutrient 45–75% body weight Body water 2/3 Intracellular 1/3 Extracellular 2 Water: Crucial to Life Electrolytes and water When minerals or salts dissolve in water form ions: Cation Anions Osmosis In your body cells: your body controls and balances the concentration of electrolytes, both within and outside of each cell. 4 5 Intake Recommendations How much water is enough? Men = liters/day AI Women = liters/day AI Pregnancy = liters/day AI Lactation = liters/day Increased needs for activity and sweating 6 Intake Recommendations Sources 75-80% from Beverages 20-25% from Foods Small amount from metabolic reactions (250-350mL/day) 7 Water Excretion: Where Does the Water Go? Insensible water losses: the continuous loss of body water by evaporation from the lungs and diffusion through skin. ¼- ½ of daily fluid loss Urine (~1-2 liters per day) Illness External factors that contribute to water losses: Low humidity High altitude High protein/salt foods Illness examples: (coughing, watery nasal secretion, rapid breathing) Why they ask you to drink more water Airplanes = high altitude Sick = fluid losses High salt/Protein diet = urine production increases to eliminate surplus urea and sodium 8 Intake Recommendations Water Balance Bodies carefully maintain water balance Hormonal effects Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Aldosterone Thirst Alcohol, caffeine, and common medications affect fluid balance Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)/Vasopressin stimulates kidneys to create more aquaporins (water channels) water reabsorption Aldosterone stimulates the kidneys retain sodium via Na/K pump water follows sodium water reabsorption 9 Water Balance – How do kidneys know how to conserve water? Spinal cells in brain sense rising sodium levels in the body signals pituitary gland to release ADH signals kidneys to conserve water water reabsorption dilutes sodium levels | Chapter 8 Water & Minerals: The Ocean Within 1 Water: Crucial to Life Water is the most essential nutrient 45–75% body weight Body water 2/3 Intracellular 1/3 Extracellular 2 Water: Crucial to Life Electrolytes and water When minerals or salts dissolve in water form ions: Cation Anions Osmosis In your body cells: your body controls and balances the concentration of electrolytes, both within and outside of each cell. 4 5 Intake Recommendations How much water is enough? Men = liters/day AI Women = liters/day AI Pregnancy = liters/day AI Lactation = liters/day Increased needs for activity and sweating 6 Intake Recommendations Sources 75-80% from Beverages 20-25% from Foods Small amount from metabolic reactions (250-350mL/day) 7 Water Excretion: Where Does the Water Go? Insensible water losses: the continuous loss of body water by evaporation from the lungs and diffusion through skin. ¼- ½ of daily fluid loss Urine (~1-2 liters per day) Illness External factors that .
