After studying this chapter you will be able to understand: Transferring food energy to cellular energy, the cell is the metabolic processing center, who are the key energy players? breakdown and release of energy,. | Spotlight on Metabolism and Energy Balance Energy: Fuel for Work Energy source Chemical energy in carbohydrates, fat, and protein Transferring food energy to cellular energy Stage 1: digestion, absorption, and transport Stage 2: breakdown of molecules Stage 3: transfer of energy to a form cells can use 2 What Is Metabolism? Catabolism Reactions that break down compounds into small units Anabolism Reactions that build complex molecules from smaller ones 4 5 What Is Metabolism? Cell is the metabolic processing center Nucleus Cytoplasm: cytosol + organelles Mitochondria are the source of many energy pathways 6 What Is Metabolism? Who are the key energy players? ATP is the body’s energy currency ATP = adenosine triphosphate Form of energy cell use NAD and FAD: transport shuttles Accept high-energy electrons for use in ATP production 8 Breakdown and Release of Energy Pathways initiate breakdown of macronutrients Anaerobic Breakdown glucose Do not require oxygen Aerobic Breakdown glucose, fat, and protein Require oxygen Breakdown and Release of Energy Extracting energy from carbohydrate Glycolysis Pathway splits glucose into two pyruvates Transfers electrons to NAD Produces some ATP 12 Breakdown and Release of Energy Extracting energy from carbohydrate Pyruvate to acetyl CoA Releases CO2 Transfers electrons to NAD 13 Breakdown and Release of Energy Extracting energy from carbohydrate Citric acid cycle Releases CO2 Produces GTP (like ATP) Transfers electrons to NAD and FAD 15 Breakdown and Release of Energy Extracting energy from carbohydrate Electron transport chain Accepts electrons from NAD and FAD Produces large amounts of ATP Produces water End products of glucose catabolism ATP, H2O, and CO2 17 Breakdown and Release of Energy Extracting energy from fat Split triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids Takes place in mitochondria Beta-oxidation Breaks apart fatty acids into acetyl CoA Transfers electrons to NAD and FAD 19 Breakdown and Release of Energy Extracting . | Spotlight on Metabolism and Energy Balance Energy: Fuel for Work Energy source Chemical energy in carbohydrates, fat, and protein Transferring food energy to cellular energy Stage 1: digestion, absorption, and transport Stage 2: breakdown of molecules Stage 3: transfer of energy to a form cells can use 2 What Is Metabolism? Catabolism Reactions that break down compounds into small units Anabolism Reactions that build complex molecules from smaller ones 4 5 What Is Metabolism? Cell is the metabolic processing center Nucleus Cytoplasm: cytosol + organelles Mitochondria are the source of many energy pathways 6 What Is Metabolism? Who are the key energy players? ATP is the body’s energy currency ATP = adenosine triphosphate Form of energy cell use NAD and FAD: transport shuttles Accept high-energy electrons for use in ATP production 8 Breakdown and Release of Energy Pathways initiate breakdown of macronutrients Anaerobic Breakdown glucose Do not require oxygen Aerobic Breakdown glucose, .
