Chapter 11 - Physical and cognitive development in adolescence. Adolescence is a transitional period in the human life span, linking childhood and adulthood. We begin the chapter by examining some general characteristics of adolescence followed by coverage of major physical changes and health issues of adolescence. Then we consider the signifi cant cognitive changes that characterize adolescence and various aspects of schools for adolescents. | Chapter 11: Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence ©2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. G. Stanley Hall (1904): adolescence is a time of “storm and stress” Recent research has found that adolescents have a healthy self-image Most adolescents successfully negotiate the path from childhood to adulthood ©2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Puberty: a period of rapid physical maturation involving hormonal and bodily changes that occur primarily during early adolescence Sexual Maturation, Height, and Weight Menarche is a girl’s first menstruation Marked weight and height gains Pubic hair growth Facial and chest hair growth in males Breast growth in females ©2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. ©2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Puberty Hormonal Changes Hormones: chemicals secreted by the endocrine glands and carried throughout the body by the bloodstream Increases | Chapter 11: Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence ©2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. G. Stanley Hall (1904): adolescence is a time of “storm and stress” Recent research has found that adolescents have a healthy self-image Most adolescents successfully negotiate the path from childhood to adulthood ©2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Puberty: a period of rapid physical maturation involving hormonal and bodily changes that occur primarily during early adolescence Sexual Maturation, Height, and Weight Menarche is a girl’s first menstruation Marked weight and height gains Pubic hair growth Facial and chest hair growth in males Breast growth in females ©2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. ©2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Puberty Hormonal Changes Hormones: chemicals secreted by the endocrine glands and carried throughout the body by the bloodstream Increases in testosterone and estradiol ©2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Puberty Timing and Variations in Puberty Average age of menarche has declined significantly since mid-19th century Improved nutrition and health For boys, pubertal sequence typically begins from age 10–13 ½ years. For girls it appears between 9 and 15 years Precocious Puberty – the very early onset and rapid progression of puberty ©2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. ©2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Puberty Body Image Preoccupation with body image is especially strong throughout adolescence Girls are generally less happy with their bodies than boys and become more dissatisfied over time ©2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Puberty Early and Late Maturation Boys Early-maturing boys view themselves more positively and have more successful peer relations; late maturing boys report a stronger sense of .
