This chapter compare structures or cells; explain the phenomenon of apical dominance; distinguish between determinate and indeterminate growth; describe in detail the primary and secondary growth of the tissues of roots and shoots; describe the composition of wood and bark; distinguish between morphogenesis, differentiation, and growth; explain how a vegetative shoot tip changes into a floral meristem. | Chapter 35 Plant Structure, Growth, and Development Overview: No two Plants Are Alike To some people The fanwort is an intrusive weed, but to others it is an attractive aquarium plant This plant exhibits plasticity The ability to alter itself in response to its environment Figure In addition to plasticity Entire plant species have by natural selection accumulated characteristics of morphology that vary little among plants within the species Concept : The plant body has a hierarchy of organs, tissues, and cells Plants, like multicellular animals Have organs composed of different tissues, which are in turn composed of cells The Three Basic Plant Organs: Roots, Stems, and Leaves The basic morphology of vascular plants Reflects their evolutionary history as terrestrial organisms that draw nutrients from two very different environments: below-ground and above-ground Three basic organs evolved: roots, stems, and leaves They are organized into a root system and a shoot system Figure Reproductive shoot (flower) Terminal bud Node Internode Terminal bud Vegetative shoot Blade Petiole Stem Leaf Taproot Lateral roots Root system Shoot system Axillary bud Roots A root Is an organ that anchors the vascular plant Absorbs minerals and water Often stores organic nutrients In most plants The absorption of water and minerals occurs near the root tips, where vast numbers of tiny root hairs increase the surface area of the root Figure Many plants have modified roots Figure –e (a) Prop roots (b) Storage roots (c) “Strangling” aerial roots (d) Buttress roots (e) Pneumatophores Stems A stem is an organ consisting of An alternating system of nodes, the points at which leaves are attached Internodes, the stem segments between nodes An axillary bud Is a structure that has the potential to form a lateral shoot, or branch A terminal bud Is located near the shoot tip and causes elongation of a young shoot Many plants have modified stems Figure –d Rhizomes. The . | Chapter 35 Plant Structure, Growth, and Development Overview: No two Plants Are Alike To some people The fanwort is an intrusive weed, but to others it is an attractive aquarium plant This plant exhibits plasticity The ability to alter itself in response to its environment Figure In addition to plasticity Entire plant species have by natural selection accumulated characteristics of morphology that vary little among plants within the species Concept : The plant body has a hierarchy of organs, tissues, and cells Plants, like multicellular animals Have organs composed of different tissues, which are in turn composed of cells The Three Basic Plant Organs: Roots, Stems, and Leaves The basic morphology of vascular plants Reflects their evolutionary history as terrestrial organisms that draw nutrients from two very different environments: below-ground and above-ground Three basic organs evolved: roots, stems, and leaves They are organized into a root system and a shoot system .
