This chapter describe how proton pumps function in transport of materials across membranes; define the following terms: osmosis, water potential, flaccid, turgor pressure, turgid; explain how aquaporins affect the rate of water transport across membranes; describe three routes available for short-distance transport in plants;. | Chapter 36 Transport in Vascular Plants Overview: Pathways for Survival For vascular plants The evolutionary journey onto land involved the differentiation of the plant body into roots and shoots Vascular tissue Transports nutrients throughout a plant; such transport may occur over long distances Figure Concept : Physical forces drive the transport of materials in plants over a range of distances Transport in vascular plants occurs on three scales Transport of water and solutes by individual cells, such as root hairs Short-distance transport of substances from cell to cell at the levels of tissues and organs Long-distance transport within xylem and phloem at the level of the whole plant Minerals H2O CO2 O2 CO2 O2 H2O Sugar Light A variety of physical processes Are involved in the different types of transport Sugars are produced by photosynthesis in the leaves. 5 Sugars are transported as phloem sap to roots and other parts of the plant. 6 Through stomata, leaves take in CO2 and expel O2. The CO2 provides carbon for photosynthesis. Some O2 produced by photosynthesis is used in cellular respiration. 4 Transpiration, the loss of water from leaves (mostly through stomata), creates a force within leaves that pulls xylem sap upward. 3 Water and minerals are transported upward from roots to shoots as xylem sap. 2 Roots absorb water and dissolved minerals from the soil. 1 Figure Roots exchange gases with the air spaces of soil, taking in O2 and discharging CO2. In cellular respiration, O2 supports the breakdown of sugars. 7 Selective Permeability of Membranes: A Review The selective permeability of a plant cell’s plasma membrane Controls the movement of solutes into and out of the cell Specific transport proteins Enable plant cells to maintain an internal environment different from their surroundings The Central Role of Proton Pumps Proton pumps in plant cells Create a hydrogen ion gradient that is a form of potential energy that can be harnessed to do . | Chapter 36 Transport in Vascular Plants Overview: Pathways for Survival For vascular plants The evolutionary journey onto land involved the differentiation of the plant body into roots and shoots Vascular tissue Transports nutrients throughout a plant; such transport may occur over long distances Figure Concept : Physical forces drive the transport of materials in plants over a range of distances Transport in vascular plants occurs on three scales Transport of water and solutes by individual cells, such as root hairs Short-distance transport of substances from cell to cell at the levels of tissues and organs Long-distance transport within xylem and phloem at the level of the whole plant Minerals H2O CO2 O2 CO2 O2 H2O Sugar Light A variety of physical processes Are involved in the different types of transport Sugars are produced by photosynthesis in the leaves. 5 Sugars are transported as phloem sap to roots and other parts of the plant. 6 Through stomata, leaves take in CO2
