This chapter provides knowledge of location and external anatomy, internal anatomy, blood and nerve supply, nephrons. In this chapter, the following content will be discussed: Urinary system organs, kidney functions, kidney anatomy, internal anatomy, nephrons,. | 25 The Urinary System: Part A Urinary System Organs Kidneys are major excretory organs Urinary bladder is the temporary storage reservoir for urine Ureters transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder Urethra transports urine out of the body Figure Esophagus (cut) Inferior vena cava Adrenal gland Hepatic veins (cut) Renal artery Renal hilum Renal vein Iliac crest Kidney Ureter Urinary bladder Urethra Aorta Rectum (cut) Uterus (part of female reproductive system) Kidney Functions It removes from blood toxins, metabolic wastes, and excess ions It regulates blood volume, blood pressure, blood chemistry and blood pH Kidney Functions Gluconeogenesis during prolonged fasting Endocrine functions Renin: regulation of blood pressure and kidney function Erythropoietin: regulation of RBC production Activation of vitamin D Kidney Anatomy Retroperitoneal, in the superior lumbar region Right kidney is lower than the left Convex lateral surface, concave medial surface Renal hilum leads to the renal sinus Ureters, renal blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves enter and exit at the hilum Figure Body wall • Perirenal fat capsule Renal artery Renal vein Inferior vena cava Aorta • Fibrous capsule • Renal fascia anterior posterior Supportive tissue layers Body of vertebra L2 Peritoneum Peritoneal cavity (organs removed) Anterior Posterior (a) Kidney Anatomy Layers of supportive tissue Renal fascia The anchoring outer layer of dense fibrous connective tissue Perirenal fat capsule A fatty cushion Fibrous capsule Prevents spread of infection to kidney Internal Anatomy Renal cortex A granular superficial region Renal medulla The cone-shaped medullary (renal) pyramids separated by renal columns Lobe (Pyramid) A medullary pyramid and its surrounding cortical tissue Internal Anatomy Papilla Tip of pyramid; releases urine into minor calyx Minor calyx Collects urine from papilla Major calyx The branching channels of the renal pelvis that Collect urine from minor calyces Empty urine | 25 The Urinary System: Part A Urinary System Organs Kidneys are major excretory organs Urinary bladder is the temporary storage reservoir for urine Ureters transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder Urethra transports urine out of the body Figure Esophagus (cut) Inferior vena cava Adrenal gland Hepatic veins (cut) Renal artery Renal hilum Renal vein Iliac crest Kidney Ureter Urinary bladder Urethra Aorta Rectum (cut) Uterus (part of female reproductive system) Kidney Functions It removes from blood toxins, metabolic wastes, and excess ions It regulates blood volume, blood pressure, blood chemistry and blood pH Kidney Functions Gluconeogenesis during prolonged fasting Endocrine functions Renin: regulation of blood pressure and kidney function Erythropoietin: regulation of RBC production Activation of vitamin D Kidney Anatomy Retroperitoneal, in the superior lumbar region Right kidney is lower than the left Convex lateral surface, concave medial surface Renal hilum leads to .
