This chapter considers the computer in a similar way. Input and output devices are described and explained and the effect that their individual characteristics have on the interaction highlighted. The computational power and memory of the computer is another important component in determining what can be achieved in the interaction, whilst due attention is also paid to paper output since this forms one of the major uses of computers and users’ tasks today. | Lecture 7 paradigms Today’s Outline Topics of discussion included today are, Paradigms, interaction and Example Time Sharing Video Display Units Programming Toolkits Window systems and the WIMP interface Metaphor Direct manipulation Language versus Action Modern evolving paradigms of computing Introduction to Paradigm The primary objective of an interactive system is to allow the user to achieve particular goals in some application domain, that is, the interactive system must be usable. Introduction to Paradigm The designer of an interactive system, then, is posed with two open questions: 1. How can an interactive system be developed to ensure its usability? 2. How can the usability of an interactive system be demonstrated or measured? Paradigms One approach to answering these questions is by means of example, in which successful interactive systems are commonly believed to enhance usability and, therefore, serve as paradigms for the development of future products. What are Paradigms Predominant theoretical frameworks or scientific world views ., Aristotelian, Newtonian, Einsteinian (relativistic) paradigms in physics Understanding HCI history is largely about understanding a series of paradigm shifts Not all listed here are necessarily “paradigm” shifts, but are at least candidates History will judge which are true shifts A paradigm is a way of thinking about the world. Paradigms of interaction New computing technologies arrive, creating a new perception of the human—computer relationship. We can trace some of these shifts in the history of interactive technologies. The initial paradigm Batch processing Impersonal computing Batch processing Batch Processing In some systems, the changes are not made immediately but stored up and all performed in one go when the database is not in general use. This is called batch processing. This type of processing is used when it is not practical break the job into individual parts. Batch processing is ideal for: Recording . | Lecture 7 paradigms Today’s Outline Topics of discussion included today are, Paradigms, interaction and Example Time Sharing Video Display Units Programming Toolkits Window systems and the WIMP interface Metaphor Direct manipulation Language versus Action Modern evolving paradigms of computing Introduction to Paradigm The primary objective of an interactive system is to allow the user to achieve particular goals in some application domain, that is, the interactive system must be usable. Introduction to Paradigm The designer of an interactive system, then, is posed with two open questions: 1. How can an interactive system be developed to ensure its usability? 2. How can the usability of an interactive system be demonstrated or measured? Paradigms One approach to answering these questions is by means of example, in which successful interactive systems are commonly believed to enhance usability and, therefore, serve as paradigms for the development of future products. What are Paradigms
