In this chapter, we introduce many concepts associated with multithreaded computer systems, including a discussion of the APIs for the Pthreads, Windows, and Java thread libraries. We look at a number of issues related to multithreaded programming and its effect on the design of operating systems. Finally, we explore how the Windows and Linux operating systems support threads at the kernel level. | CSC 322 Operating Systems Concepts Lecture - 4: by Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan Special Thanks To: Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems 3 e, (c) 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. (Chapter-1) Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan, CIIT, Islamabad 1 Monolithic Systems Layered System Microkernel Client Server Model Virtual Machines Exokernel Operating Systems Structure Lecture 5 2 Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan, CIIT, Islamabad “The Big Mess.” no structure, collection of procedures that can call each other. Compiles all procedures, and binds them into a single object file. No information hiding, every procedure is visible to every other procedure. Even in monolithic systems, there is a little structure. The services (system calls) provided by the operating system are requested by putting the parameters in a well-defined place (., on the stack) and then executing a trap instruction. Monolithic Systems Lecture 5 3 Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan, CIIT, Islamabad The TRAP instruction switches the machine from user mode to kernel | CSC 322 Operating Systems Concepts Lecture - 4: by Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan Special Thanks To: Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems 3 e, (c) 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. (Chapter-1) Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan, CIIT, Islamabad 1 Monolithic Systems Layered System Microkernel Client Server Model Virtual Machines Exokernel Operating Systems Structure Lecture 5 2 Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan, CIIT, Islamabad “The Big Mess.” no structure, collection of procedures that can call each other. Compiles all procedures, and binds them into a single object file. No information hiding, every procedure is visible to every other procedure. Even in monolithic systems, there is a little structure. The services (system calls) provided by the operating system are requested by putting the parameters in a well-defined place (., on the stack) and then executing a trap instruction. Monolithic Systems Lecture 5 3 Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan, CIIT, Islamabad The TRAP instruction switches the machine from user mode to kernel mode and transfers control to the operating system. The operating system then fetches the parameters and determines which system call is to be carried out. After that, it indexes into a table that contains in slot k a pointer to the procedure that carries out system call k Monolithic Systems Lecture 5 4 Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan, CIIT, Islamabad Lecture 5 Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan, CIIT, Islamabad 5 Monolithic Systems A simple structuring model for a monolithic system. A main program that invokes the requested service procedure. A set of service procedures that carry out the system calls. A set of utility procedures that help the service procedures. System Calls Lecture 5 6 Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan, CIIT, Islamabad Generalization approach of monolithic system to organize the OS in a hierarchy of layers, each one constructed upon the one below it. The first system constructed in this way was the THE system built at Netherlands by E. W. Dijkstra and his students. The THE system was a simple
