Part 2 book “Basic guide to dental sedation nursing” has contents: Types of sedation, medical emergencies, essential anatomy, the respiratory system, prevention of medical emergencies, common medical emergencies, medical emergencies, and other contents. | BLBK373-05 April 18, 2011 14:56 Trim: 234mm×153mm Char Count= Chapter 5 Types of sedation LEARNING OUTCOMES At the end of this chapter you will have a clear understanding of: • The various modes of sedation provided to patients. • The way each mode is administered and acts upon the body. • The advantages, disadvantages, indications and contraindications of usage. INTRODUCTION Patients are offered different modes of sedation depending upon their medical, dental and social history, preference, cost and team experience. The mode chosen is identified through an assessment appointment and all modes are independent of each other but can be used in conjunction. All modes of sedation act on the body differently, with the patient having to comply with the different restraints of each mode to enable them to receive it. The common forms of dental sedation provided to patients are: • Intravenous • Off-licence (transmucosal) sedation (It is an advanced technique which should only be used in exceptional circumstances.) • Inhalation • Oral sedation (It is not widely used but plays an important role within the provision of treatment with or without other forms of sedation as it reduces anxiety [1].) Basic Guide to Dental Sedation Nursing, First Edition. Nicola Rogers. C 2011 Nicola Rogers. Published 2011 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd. 68 BLBK373-05 April 18, 2011 14:56 Trim: 234mm×153mm Types of sedation Char Count= 69 INTRAVENOUS SEDATION • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • It is anxiolytic to reduce a patient’s anxiety levels. It is hypnotic to induce sleep. It is anticonvulsant to reduce the risk of a convulsive fit. It is a muscle relaxant. It produces anterograde amnesia. The patient will be aware of treatment but may not remember anything after the first increment of drug. It lowers the blood pressure and in return the body responds by raising the pulse rate to increase the cardiac output, thus raising the blood pressure. Less pain is experienced at the .
