In this chapter, students will be able to understand: History of linguistics; prelude; structuralism: saussure; transformational generative grammar: Chomsky; the Prague School: Turbetzkoi, Jackobson; The London School: Mallinowski, Firth, Halliday; relational grammar: Perlmutter, Postal. | Historical Linguistics (4) The Prague School The London School Dr. Ansa Hameed Previously . History of Linguistics Prelude Structuralism: Saussure Transformational Generative Grammar: Chomsky Functionalism: Halliday Today’s Lecture The Prague School: Turbetzkoi, Jackobson The London School: Mallinowski, Firth, Halliday Relational Grammar: Perlmutter, Postal The Prague School The Prague School (1926): Functionalism A group of literary critics and linguists in Prague Proponents: Nikolai Trubetzkoy, Roman Jakobson, Sergei Karcevskiy Focus: “Language in terms of function” “Sound system Analysis . Phonology” The Prague School: Major Ideas Developed Distinctive Feature Analysis of sounds: each distinctive sound in a language is composed of a number of contrasting articulatory and acoustic features Phonology is different from phonetics (Trubetzkoy) Defined Phoneme as a smallest distinctive unit of any language (Trubetzkoy) Found Morpho-phonology (Trubetzkoy) Phonology is an independent discipline (Jakobson) 6. They stressed the function of elements within language, the contrast of language elements to one another, and the total pattern or system formed by these contrasts thus developed techniques for analysis of language system (Jakobson) Presented some ideas regarding first language acquisition (Jakobson) Described communication functions of language (Jakobson) (PTO) Communication Functions of Language (Jakobson) Referential: Describes a situation, object, mental state The autumn leaves have fallen. Expressive: exemplified by interjections that do not alter the meaning but add information concerning the speakers’ internal state Wow, What a wonderful view! Conative: engages the addressee directly (makes use of vocative and imperative) Come inside and finish your work. Poetic: A message for its own sake (poetry, slogans) L’Oreal . Because you worth it. Phatic: language for the sake of interaction, greetings and general chit-chat Good morning, It’s a lovely day today! | Historical Linguistics (4) The Prague School The London School Dr. Ansa Hameed Previously . History of Linguistics Prelude Structuralism: Saussure Transformational Generative Grammar: Chomsky Functionalism: Halliday Today’s Lecture The Prague School: Turbetzkoi, Jackobson The London School: Mallinowski, Firth, Halliday Relational Grammar: Perlmutter, Postal The Prague School The Prague School (1926): Functionalism A group of literary critics and linguists in Prague Proponents: Nikolai Trubetzkoy, Roman Jakobson, Sergei Karcevskiy Focus: “Language in terms of function” “Sound system Analysis . Phonology” The Prague School: Major Ideas Developed Distinctive Feature Analysis of sounds: each distinctive sound in a language is composed of a number of contrasting articulatory and acoustic features Phonology is different from phonetics (Trubetzkoy) Defined Phoneme as a smallest distinctive unit of any language (Trubetzkoy) Found Morpho-phonology (Trubetzkoy) Phonology is an independent .
