Part 2 book “Pathophysiology - A practical approach” has contents: Gastrointestinal function, endocrine function, neural function, musculoskeletal function, integumentary function, sensory function, normal lab values, root words and combining forms. | © Steve Gschmeissner/Science Photo Library/Getty C HAPTER 9 Gastrointestinal Function L E A R N I N G O B J E C T I V E S • Discuss normal gastrointestinal anatomy and physiology. • Describe and compare congenital defects of the gastrointestinal system. • Compare and contrast disorders of the upper gastrointestinal system. K E Y • Describe and compare disorders of the gallbladder, liver, and pancreas. • Compare and contrast disorders of the lower gastrointestinal system. • Describe and compare cancers of the gastrointestinal system. T E R M S achlorhydria acute gastritis appendicitis appendix ascites aspiration atrophic gastritis bile cecum celiac disease cholecystitis cholelithiasis chronic gastritis chyme cirrhosis cleft lip cleft palate colon colorectal cancer constipation Crohn’s disease Curling’s ulcer Cushing’s ulcer defecation diarrhea diverticula diverticular disease diverticulitis diverticulosis duodenal ulcer dysphagia emesis esophageal cancer esophagus feces frank blood gallbladder gastric cancer gastric ulcer gastritis gastroenteritis gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) hematemesis hepatic artery hepatitis hepatobiliary system hiatal hernia infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) intestinal obstruction irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) jaundice large intestine liver liver cancer lower esophageal sphincter (LES) mastication melena mesentery mucosa mucus muscle layer nausea occult blood oral cancer pancreas pancreatic cancer pancreatitis paralytic ileus parietal peritoneum layer peptic ulcer disease (PUD) 260 Chapter 9 Gastrointestinal Function peristalsis peritoneal cavity peritoneum peritonitis portal hypertension rugae serosa small intestine stomach stress ulcer portal vein pyloric sphincter pyloric stenosis rectum retching T he gastrointestinal (GI) system, or digestive system, consists of structures responsible for consumption, digestion, and elimination of food (FIGURE 9-1). These .
