Part 2 book “Abnormal psychology” has contents: Substance use disorders, eating disorders, sexual disorders, disorders of childhood, late life and neurocognitive disorders, personality and personality disorders, legal and ethical issues. | 10 Substance Use Disorders Learning Goals 1. Be able to describe the epidemiology and symptoms associated with substance use disorders. 2. Be able to understand the major etiological factors for substance use disorders, including genetic factors, neurobiological factors, mood and expectancy effects, and sociocultural factors. 3. Be able to describe the approaches to treating substance use disorders, including psychological treatments, medications, and drug substitution treatments. 4. Be able to delineate the major approaches to preventing substance use disorders. P EOPLE HAVE USED VARIOUS substances in the hope of reducing physical pain or altering states of consciousness for centuries. Around the world, almost all people use one or more substances that affect the central nervous system, relieving physical and mental anguish or producing euphoria. Despite the often devastating consequences of taking such substances into the body, their initial effects are usually pleasing, a factor that is perhaps at the root of substance use disorders. Clinical Descriptions, Prevalence, and Effects of Substance Use Disorders The United States is a drug culture. Americans use drugs to wake up (coffee or tea), to stay alert throughout the day (cigarettes, soft drinks), to relax (alcohol), and to reduce pain (aspirin). The widespread availability and frequent use of various drugs sets the stage for the potential abuse of drugs, the topic of this chapter. In 2009, over million people over the age of 12 in the United States reported having used an illicit drug in the past month [Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA, 2010)]. In addition, over 130 million Americans over the age of 12 reported alcohol use of some kind, and million Americans reported at least one episode of binge drinking (defined as having five or more drinks) in the last 30 days (SAMHSA, 2010). Recent data on the frequency of use of several drugs, legal and illegal, are .
