After completing this unit, you should be able to: Describe the normal characteristics of the cellular environment and the key homeostatic mechanisms that strive to maintain an optimal fluid and electrolyte balance; outline pathophysiological alterations in water and electrolyte balance and list their effects on body functions; describe the treatment of patients with particular fluid or electrolyte imbalances. | 9/10/2012 1 Chapter 11 General Principles of Pathophysiology 2 Lesson Cellular Environment, Water and Electrolyte Balance 3 Copyright © 2013 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company 1 9/10/2012 Learning Objectives • Describe the normal characteristics of the cellular environment and the key homeostatic mechanisms that strive to maintain an optimal fluid and electrolyte balance. • Outline pathophysiological alterations in water and electrolyte balance and list their effects on body functions. • Describe the treatment of patients with particular fluid or electrolyte imbalances. 4 Cells • Basic unit of higher life forms • Components – Cell membrane • Holds cell together • Separates internal cellular environment from external – Enzymes help biochemical processes – Internal membranes to encapsulate chemicals – Genetic material for replication 5 Cells • Form four basic types of tissue – Epithelial tissue – Connective tissue – Muscle tissue – Nervous tissue 6 Copyright © 2013 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company 2 9/10/2012 Cellular Environment • Human body cells live in a fluid environment, consists mainly of water – Body water essential • Medium in which all metabolic reactions occur • Body’s health depends on precise regulation of volume and composition of this fluid – Body has two fluid compartments • Intracellular fluid (ICF) • Extracellular fluid (ECF) 7 8 Intracellular Fluid and Extracellular Fluid • Intracellular fluid (ICF) – Found in all body cells – 40% of body weight • Extracellular fluid (ECF) – Fluid found outside of cells – 20% of total body weight – Blood plasma composes about 1/3 9 Copyright © 2013 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company 3 9/10/2012 Interstitial Fluid • Cellular fluid between cells and outside vascular bed • Includes cerebrospinal and intraocular fluid • .
