This chapter describe the normal vital signs and body system characteristics of the newborn, neonate, infant, toddler, preschooler, school‐ age child, adolescent, young adult, middle‐age adult, and older adult; identify key psychosocial features of the infant, toddler, preschooler, school‐age child, adolescent, young adult, middle‐age adult, and older adult; explain the effect of parenting styles, sibling rivalry, peer relationships, and other factors on a child’s psychosocial development. | 9/10/2012 1 Chapter 13 Principles of Pharmacology and Emergency Medications 2 Lesson Drug Information and Historical Trends 3 Copyright © 2013 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company 1 9/10/2012 Learning Objectives • Explain what a drug is. • Identify the four types of drug names. 4 Learning Objectives • Explain the meaning of drug terms that are necessary to interpret information in drug references safely. • Outline drug standards and legislation and the enforcement agencies pertinent to the paramedic profession. 5 Historical Trends • Pharmacology science may date back to 10,000 to 7,000 BC – Medicinal herbs thought to be grown by humans in Neolithic period • Unknown if they had healing properties – Medicines mentioned in the bible • • • • Gums Spices Oils Maybe narcotics 6 Copyright © 2013 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company 2 9/10/2012 Historical Trends • Plant‐derived drugs used heavily throughout the Middle Ages – Digestives – Laxatives – Diuretics 7 8 Historical Trends • “Chemical medicine” concept born in 17th century – Some still used today • Opium (morphine) – 19th century, accurate drug dosage studies led to manufacturing plants to produce drugs • Knowledge of expected drug actions became more exact 9 Copyright © 2013 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company 3 9/10/2012 Historical Trends • 20th and 21st centuries, important drug discoveries – Insulin – Antibiotics – Fibrinolytics – Had major effects on common illnesses • Diabetes • Bacterial infections • Cardiovascular disease 10 Historical Trends • Modern health care, pharmaceutics going through many changes – Consumer awareness • Responsibility for their health, wellness – Disease prevention • Actively seek to develop new drugs, treatments, cures to prevent diseases 11 Historical Trends • Orphan drugs – .
