This chapter include objectives: Identify the purpose of the patient care report; describe the uses of the patient care report; outline the components of an accurate, thorough patient care report; describe the elements of a properly written emergency medical services (EMS) document; describe an effective system for documenting the narrative section of a prehospital patient care report;. | 9/11/2012 1 Chapter 32 Hematology 2 Learning Objectives • Describe the physiology of blood and its components • Discuss the pathophysiology and signs and symptoms of specific hematological disorders. • Outline the general assessment and management of patients with hematological disorders. 3 Copyright © 2013 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company 1 9/11/2012 Blood and Blood Components • Blood composed of cell and formed elements surrounded by plasma – 95 percent volume of formed elements consists of red blood cells (RBCs; erythrocytes) – 5 percent consists of white blood cells (WBCs; leukocytes) and cell fragments (platelets) 4 Blood and Blood Components • Continuous blood movement keeps formed elements dispersed throughout plasma – Where available to carry out chief functions • Delivery of substances needed for cellular metabolism in tissues • Defense against invading microorganisms and injury • Acid‐base balance 5 6 Copyright © 2013 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company 2 9/11/2012 Blood and Blood Components • Blood cells formed within red bone marrow – Present in all tissues at birth • Adult red bone marrow primarily found in membranous bone – Vertebrae, pelvis, sternum, ribs • Yellow marrow produces some white cells – Composed mainly of connective tissue and fat 7 Blood and Blood Components • Other blood‐forming organs – Lymph nodes • Produce lymphocytes and antibodies – Spleen • Stores large quantities of blood • Produces lymphocytes, plasma cells, antibodies – Liver • Blood‐forming organ only during intrauterine life • Plays important role in coagulation process 8 Plasma • Clear portion of blood, is about 92 percent water • Contains three important proteins – Albumin • • • • Most plentiful protein Similar to egg white Gives blood gummy texture Keeps water concentration low so water diffuses readily from tissues into blood 9 Copyright © 2013 by Jones & Bartlett .
