(BQ) Part 2 book “High-Resolution CT of the lung” has contents: Pneumoconiosis, occupational, and environmental lung disease, hypersensitivity pneumonitis and eosinophilic lung diseases, miscellaneous infiltrative lung diseases, cystic lung diseases, airways diseases, and other contents. | 12 Sarcoidosis I M P O R T A N T T O P I C S PATHOLOGIC FINDINGS 313 RADIOGRAPHIC FINDINGS 313 HIGH-RESOLUTION COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY FINDINGS 313 ASSOCIATED CONDITIONS AND SARCOID-LIKE REACTIONS 337 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 338 UTILITY OF HIGH-RESOLUTION COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY 333 Abbreviations Used in This Chapter CWP DLCO EBUS 18 FDG-PET FEV1 FVC 67 GA HAART HLA IFN IL IPF MRI PFT PH PLC SLR TBNA TLC WTC coal worker’s pneumoconiosis carbon monoxide diffusing capacity endobronchial ultrasound 18-fluoro-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography forced expiratory volume in 1 second forced vital capacity gallium-67-citrate highly active antiretroviral therapy human leukocyte antigen interferon interleukin idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis magnetic resonance imaging pulmonary function test pulmonary hypertension pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomatosis sarcoid-like reaction transbronchial needle aspiration total lung capacity World Trade Center First described in 1877 by Jonathan Hutchinson, sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease of unknown cause, characterized by the presence of noncaseating granulomas (1–4). These may resolve spontaneously or progress to fibrosis (5). Sarcoidosis may involve almost any organ, but most morbidity and mortality is the result of pulmonary disease (6). Pulmonary manifestations are present in 90% of patients. Although 30% to 60% of patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis are asymptomatic, 312 with their disease identified incidentally on routine chest radiographs, 20% to 25% of patients will ultimately develop permanent functional impairment (3,4,7,8). Extrathoracic manifestations of sarcoidosis are present in 25% to 50% of cases and are almost always associated with intrathoracic disease. Extrathoracic abnormalities commonly include involvement of the liver, spleen, peripheral lymph nodes, and skin, with common cutaneous manifestations, including erythema nodosum and lupus pernio (8). Erythema nodosum occurs in approximately 10%
