After completing this chapter, you will be able to: List the functions of skin, explain the role of skin in regulating body temperature, describe the layers of skin and the characteristics of each layer, explain the factors that affect skin color, list the accessory organs of skin and describe their structures and functions. | 24 The Skeletal System Learning Outcomes (cont.) Describe the structure of bone tissue. Explain the functions of bones. Compare intramembranous and endochondral ossification. Describe the skeletal structures and one location of each structure. Learning Outcomes (cont.) Locate the bones of the skull. Locate the bones of the spinal column. Locate the bones of the rib cage. Locate the bones of the shoulders, arms, and hands. Learning Outcomes (cont.) Locate the bones of the hips, legs, and feet. Describe the three major types of joints and give examples of each. Describe the common diseases and disorders of the skeletal system. Introduction Bones provide structure and support 206 bones plus joints and connective tissue Divisions Axial ~ 80 bones Skull Vertebral column Rib cage Appendicular ~ 126 bones Arms and legs Pectoral girdle Pelvic girdle Learning Outcome: Describe the structure of bone tissue. Hyoid bone | 24 The Skeletal System Learning Outcomes (cont.) Describe the structure of bone tissue. Explain the functions of bones. Compare intramembranous and endochondral ossification. Describe the skeletal structures and one location of each structure. Learning Outcomes (cont.) Locate the bones of the skull. Locate the bones of the spinal column. Locate the bones of the rib cage. Locate the bones of the shoulders, arms, and hands. Learning Outcomes (cont.) Locate the bones of the hips, legs, and feet. Describe the three major types of joints and give examples of each. Describe the common diseases and disorders of the skeletal system. Introduction Bones provide structure and support 206 bones plus joints and connective tissue Divisions Axial ~ 80 bones Skull Vertebral column Rib cage Appendicular ~ 126 bones Arms and legs Pectoral girdle Pelvic girdle Learning Outcome: Describe the structure of bone tissue. Hyoid bone – anchors the tongue; included in the axial skeleton. Pectoral girdle – attaches the arms to the axial skeleton. Pelvic girdle – attaches the legs to the axial skeleton. Bone Structure Bones contain various kinds of tissues Osseous tissue Blood vessels Nerves Osseous tissue can appear compact or spongy Compact Bone Spongy (Cancellous) Bone Learning Outcome: Describe the structure of bone tissue. Osseous tissue Spongy or cancellous bone has more spaces within it than compact bone does. Spongy bone looks a lot like a natural sea sponge with the spaces filled with red bone marrow. Compact bone looks solid like granite or marble. Bone Structure (cont.) Structures within compact bone Osteons Bone matrix Lamella Lacunae Canaliculi All bones are made up of both compact and spongy bone Learning Outcome: Describe the structure of bone tissue. Osteons (Haversian system) – elongated cylinders that run up and down the long axis of the bone. Each osteon has a central canal that
